Fluid and Electrolyte Regulation Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What happens when osmolality increases in the body?

  • Water loss from the kidney decreases
  • ADH secretion increases (correct)
  • ADH secretion decreases
  • Thirst centre is suppressed

    • What is the primary response of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to a decreased blood volume?

  • Decreased secretion of aldosterone
  • Increased blood pressure
  • Increased secretion of renin (correct)
  • Increased excretion of Na+

    • What is the effect of angiotensin II on blood pressure?

  • It decreases blood pressure
  • It increases blood pressure (correct)
  • It has no effect on blood pressure
  • It varies depending on the individual

    • What is the relationship between Na+ and water regulation in controlling blood volume?

    <p>They are interrelated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of decreased osmolality on the thirst centre?

    <p>It suppresses the thirst centre</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system?

    <p>To regulate blood volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are stretch receptors located?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released from the myocardial atria in response to volume expansion?

    <p>Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary site of action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?

    <p>Kidney</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder characterized by an excess of sodium in the blood?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of hypernatremia?

    <p>Seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the disorder characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?

    <p>Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary concern when correcting hypernatremia?

    <p>Rapidly correcting the sodium levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of hyponatremia with serum levels between 125 and 130 mmol/L?

    <p>Gastrointestinal symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the exclusion of electrolytes from the fraction of plasma volume occupied by solids?

    <p>Electrolyte exclusion effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of plasma volume is occupied by solids?

    <p>7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the level of hyponatremia that is considered a medical emergency?

    <p>Below 120 mmol/L for 48 hours or less</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of monitoring serum and urine electrolytes during treatment?

    <p>To monitor treatment of Na level abnormalities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of vasopressin deficiency?

    <p>Polyuria and polydipsia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the syndrome that includes diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness?

    <p>Wolfram syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can cause acquired cranial diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Pituitary adenoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to increased metabolism of ADH?

    <p>Pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of diabetes insipidus caused by impairment of ADH secretion?

    <p>Cranial diabetes insipidus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential congenital cause of diabetes insipidus?

    <p>Congenital midline malformations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Tubular diseases that affect the responsiveness of renal tubules to ADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inheritance pattern of Congenital X-linked nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>X-linked</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Chronic hypokalaemia on aquaporin-2 expression?

    <p>Downregulation of aquaporin-2 expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug can cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Cisplatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of urine in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Dilute urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the laboratory feature of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?

    <p>Hypernatremia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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