30 Questions
What happens when osmolality increases in the body?
ADH secretion increases
What is the primary response of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system to a decreased blood volume?
Increased secretion of renin
What is the effect of angiotensin II on blood pressure?
It increases blood pressure
What is the relationship between Na+ and water regulation in controlling blood volume?
They are interrelated
What is the effect of decreased osmolality on the thirst centre?
It suppresses the thirst centre
What is the primary function of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system?
To regulate blood volume
Where are stretch receptors located?
All of the above
What is released from the myocardial atria in response to volume expansion?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the primary site of action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)?
Kidney
What is the name of the disorder characterized by an excess of sodium in the blood?
Hypernatremia
What is a common symptom of hypernatremia?
Seizures
What is the name of the disorder characterized by excessive secretion of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
What is the primary concern when correcting hypernatremia?
Rapidly correcting the sodium levels
What is the primary symptom of hyponatremia with serum levels between 125 and 130 mmol/L?
Gastrointestinal symptoms
What is the term for the exclusion of electrolytes from the fraction of plasma volume occupied by solids?
Electrolyte exclusion effect
What percentage of plasma volume is occupied by solids?
7%
What is the level of hyponatremia that is considered a medical emergency?
Below 120 mmol/L for 48 hours or less
What is the primary purpose of monitoring serum and urine electrolytes during treatment?
To monitor treatment of Na level abnormalities
What is the consequence of vasopressin deficiency?
Polyuria and polydipsia
What is the name of the syndrome that includes diabetes insipidus, diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and deafness?
Wolfram syndrome
What can cause acquired cranial diabetes insipidus?
Pituitary adenoma
What can lead to increased metabolism of ADH?
Pregnancy
What is the type of diabetes insipidus caused by impairment of ADH secretion?
Cranial diabetes insipidus
What is a potential congenital cause of diabetes insipidus?
Congenital midline malformations
What is the primary cause of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Tubular diseases that affect the responsiveness of renal tubules to ADH
What is the inheritance pattern of Congenital X-linked nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
X-linked
What is the effect of Chronic hypokalaemia on aquaporin-2 expression?
Downregulation of aquaporin-2 expression
Which drug can cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Cisplatin
What is the characteristic feature of urine in Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Dilute urine
What is the laboratory feature of Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus?
Hypernatremia
Test your knowledge on how the body regulates fluid and electrolyte balance, including the role of osmolality, ADH secretion, and the thirst mechanism.
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