20 Questions
What is the primary factor that determines the efficiency of a firefighting operation?
The performance of the ladder company
What is the primary objective of a ladder company during a firefighting operation?
To provide access and exit points
What is the correct order of the ladder company's objectives?
Rescue, Exposures, Confine Fire, Extinguish Fire, Property Conservation, Overhaul
What is the term for the process by which fire spreads through convection, radiation, and conduction?
Heat transfer
What is the main reason for ventilation during a firefighting operation?
To create a convection cycle
What is the term for the three elements required to start and sustain a fire?
Fire Triangle
What is the process by which hot air or gases rise away from the fire and then cool and drop down to be reheated?
Convection
What is the term for the fourth element required to start and sustain a fire, in addition to oxygen, fuel, and heat?
Chain reaction
What is the purpose of property conservation during a firefighting operation?
To reduce fire damage
What is the term for the process by which heat moves through the motion of heated matter, such as smoke, hot air, and heated gases?
Connection
What is the primary purpose of Fire Resistant construction in buildings?
To confine the convection cycle
What is the main cause of Exposure Fires in buildings?
Radiation heat
What is the result of insufficient oxygen in a smoldering fire, leading to incomplete combustion?
Back Draft
What is the primary method of heat transfer that cannot be seen or felt in normal firefighting operations?
Conduction
What is the minimum number of stories required for a building to have Fire Resistant construction and protection systems?
3
What is the result of a combination of convection and radiation heat in a building?
Flashover
What is the primary method of removing convection heat in buildings?
Venting
What is the term for the sudden ignition of combustible materials in an area heated through convection, radiation, or a combination of both?
Flashover
What is the primary method of removing radiation heat in buildings?
Water
What is the term for the travel of heat through a solid body?
Conduction
Study Notes
Pre-Incident Planning and Building Inspections
- Firefighters gain valuable insight into a building's features through pre-incident planning and building inspections.
- Ladder company provides access, exits, removes heat, smoke, and gases, allowing for greater visibility and enabling engine company to work rapidly and safely.
Ladder Company Objectives
- Ladder company has 6 objectives: rescue, exposures, confine fire, extinguish fire, property conservation, and overhaul.
Fire Spread
- Fire requires oxygen, fuel, and heat to start and sustain combustion, known as the Fire Tetrahedron Triangle.
- Chain reaction is an advanced concept, where fire travels to new fuel sources through convection, radiation, and conduction.
Modes of Heat Transfer
- Convection: heat moves through the motion of heated matter (smoke, hot air, heated gases, embers) in predictable patterns.
- Radiation: heat travels through space, unaffected by wind, and radiates evenly in all directions.
- Conduction: heat travels through solid bodies, depending on the amount of heat and fire applied.
Fire Dynamics
- Flashover: ignition of combustibles in an area heated through convection, radiation, or a combination of both.
- Backdraft: fire starving of oxygen, in the smoldering stage with incomplete combustion, producing carbon monoxide.
Learn about the importance of pre-incident planning and building inspections in firefighting, and the six objectives of a ladder company during a fire response.
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