Firefighting Equipment: Nozzles & Distributors
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Firefighting Equipment: Nozzles & Distributors

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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of this manual for Columbus Firefighters?

To guide them in understanding Engine Company Operations and serve as reference material.

What are the key sections of the Engine Operations manual?

  • Experiences
  • Hose Line Deployment
  • Pump Operations
  • All of the above (correct)

    • SOPs should always be followed regardless of the situation.

    False

    The nozzle used for attic fires is the _______ nozzle.

    <p>904K Piercing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the pump in Engine Company Operations?

    <p>To manage water supply and pressure for firefighting efforts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents a disadvantage of the 904K Piercing nozzle?

    <p>May require multiple firefighters to operate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify two tactical considerations associated with the Mercury Quick Attack Monitor.

    <p>Understand its operating pressure and flow rate, and tactical considerations when using it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Foam is used daily in firefighting operations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following equipment to their uses:

    <p>904K Piercing Nozzle = Used for attic fires Bresnan Distributor = Used for basement fires Elkhart Brass R.A.M.XD = Stabilized water delivery Fire Extinguishers = Used to control small fires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shutoff is preferred for smooth bore nozzles?

    <p>Full Round Ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Integrated tips in nozzles create turbulence in the stream when additional tips are screwed on.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done to clean nozzles exposed to dirt and debris?

    <p>Soak the nozzle in warm water and mild degreaser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The target flow for a 2” handline is between ___ and ___ GPM.

    <p>200, 250</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the ADULTS acronym stand for when deciding to use a 2 ½” handline?

    <p>Advanced, Defensive, Uncertain, Large, Tons, Standpipe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What lubricant is recommended for nozzles per the operating manual?

    <p>Dow-Corning #7 lubricant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many freeway runs has the actual location matched the reported location?

    <p>Not many</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drivers can be impaired at any time in today's society.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized during freeway runs?

    <p>Safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended position for placing an engine during freeway runs?

    <p>Behind the accident</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of a driver's experience on their behavior in emergency situations?

    <p>Less experienced drivers may panic and older drivers may not see or process information as well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of vehicles assist in freeway runs according to the document?

    <p>Ladder trucks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended flow rate for initial interior residential attack lines is ____ GPM minimum.

    <p>150</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done when encountering downed wires during a run?

    <p>Block the roadway from a safe distance and call for additional apparatus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the nozzle pressure for smooth bore hand line nozzles?

    <p>50 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens if the nozzle is overpumped?

    <p>Decreased safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A vehicle can travel hundreds of yards once a driver reacts, and that assumes the driver will react. This statement emphasizes the importance of _____ during freeway runs.

    <p>safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operating range of the mercury quick attack monitor when unmanned?

    <p>60 degrees to 30 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum effective range of the Amerex 240 H water can?

    <p>44-55 feet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of fire is the dry chemical extinguisher Ansul Sentry 10 rated for?

    <p>Class A, B, and C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1-1/2” deluge tip must be pumped at or above 55 psi nozzle pressure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be used to pressurize the Amerex 240 H water can after filling?

    <p>Schrader valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should Class A foam be applied for ordinary combustible materials?

    <p>0.1-1%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended pressure at the PRO/Pak for effective operation?

    <p>100 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excessive back pressure in the foam system is a rare cause of eductor failure.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 1” tip of the MQA provides _____ GPM advantage over a 1-1/8” tip at 50 PSI on a handline.

    <p>no</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the operating pressure required at the eductor for the 95 GPM nozzle?

    <p>200 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match each extinguisher with its classification:

    <p>Amerex 240 H = Class A Ansul Sentry 10 = Class A:B:C Badger B10V-1 = Class B:C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant advantage of the triple fold hose load?

    <p>Deploys quicker than modified minuteman loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The modified minuteman 100’ bundle is easier to manage on the shoulder compared to the 50’ bundle.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two steps for building a 100' minuteman bundle?

    <p>Building the 100’ bundle section and loading the remaining hose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The dead stack usually needs to be __________ for the 200’ preconnect.

    <p>100’</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which load can split cars easier than a triple layer load?

    <p>Modified Minuteman - 50’ Bundle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 100’ bundle is prone to 'spaghetti' if used without straps to secure it.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should the nozzle coupling's position be in the hose bundle?

    <p>At the front of the bundle, towards the nozzle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When building a hose bundle, it is important to keep the __________ at the front for easier deployment.

    <p>coupling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following hose loads with their properties.

    <p>Triple Fold = Deploys quicker Modified Minuteman - 50’ Bundle = Easier to manage on shoulder Modified Minuteman - 100’ Bundle = More usable hose near entry point Modified Minuteman - 200’ Preconnect = Connects to pump discharge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target flow for the 2 ½” line?

    <p>260 GPM to 328 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the benefit of using a 2” handline with flows of 250 GPM?

    <p>It allows for better control and ability to place water effectively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Firefighters can operate the larger handlines with the same tempo as smaller handlines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 2” attack line is usually found loaded on the ______.

    <p>cross lay bed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the weight of a charged 2” line per 50’ section?

    <p>68 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'Attack over Supply' refer to?

    <p>Deploying the working length of hose in a way that raises the initial portion off the ground to aid in hose advancement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nozzle tip achieves a flow of 296 GPM at 50 psi?

    <p>1 3/16” tip</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preloading the 2 ½” line is easier than preloading the smaller handlines.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters focus on when selecting a handline for firefighting?

    <p>Flow should be the first and most important consideration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do smooth bore nozzles affect water travel in a building?

    <p>They allow larger droplets that travel farther.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Firefighters should aim to win back the structure __________.

    <p>five feet at a time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Engine Company Operations manual?

    <p>To guide Columbus Firefighters in their understanding of Engine Company Operations during apprentice training and as a reference for all department members.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the main sections of the Engine Company Operations manual?

    <p>Experiences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Engine Company Operations manual states that Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) must always be followed.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the pump in Engine Company Operations?

    <p>To facilitate water supply and pressure for effective firefighting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum flow rate of the 904K Piercing Nozzle at 100 PSI?

    <p>175 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of foam in firefighting?

    <p>Foam is used to aid fire attack and various tactics during emergencies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum operational rate for the Elkhart Brass R.A.M.XD?

    <p>500 GPM and/or 150 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The primary objectives in the Equipment section include identifying all extinguishers carried on CFD engines and understanding the _____ classification/rating for each extinguisher.

    <p>UL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Indirect attack involves applying water directly to the fire to extinguish it.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two types of nozzle attacks mentioned in the Equipment Overview?

    <p>Indirect Attack and Direct Attack</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three main hose loads found on CFD engines?

    <p>Triple Fold, Modified Minuteman 50' Bundle, Modified Minuteman 100' Bundle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of the Triple Fold hose load?

    <p>Deploys quicker than both modified minuteman loads</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is a disadvantage of the Modified Minuteman 100' Bundle?

    <p>Difficult to manage on your shoulder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key action should be taken when building the 100' Minuteman Bundle?

    <p>Build the pack away from the crew</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 100' bundle should be able to reach all areas of most common residential __________.

    <p>structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Modified Minuteman - 50' Bundle deploys as quickly as the Triple Fold.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if more water is needed during a firefighting operation?

    <p>Pull a more appropriate attack line instead of over pumping a trash line.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of shutoff is preferred for smooth bore nozzles?

    <p>Full Round Ball</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key difference between the Elkhart Chief nozzles and the Chief XD nozzles?

    <p>The Chief XD nozzles lack an integrated tip.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is recommended for cleaning nozzles exposed to dirt and debris?

    <p>Soak the nozzle in warm water and mild degreaser.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Damaged teeth on a nozzle can be replaced easily.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must be used for lubrication on nozzles?

    <p>Silicone-based lubricant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should a 2 ½” hand line be used according to the ADULTS acronym?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target flow for a 2” line?

    <p>Between 200 and 250 GPM.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The firefighter positioned on the nozzle is responsible for pulling and flaking out the hose line and brings the first 50’ coupling to the ______.

    <p>door</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum rated flow at 115 psi nozzle pressure with the 1-1/4 inch tip?

    <p>498 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The MQA can only be operated at a maximum of 30 degrees when unmanned.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the friction loss through the unit at 500 GPM?

    <p>6 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended application rate for hydrocarbons such as gasoline is ____.

    <p>3%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following fire extinguishers with their capabilities:

    <p>Amerex 240 H = Class A Ansul Sentry 10 = Class A:B:C Badger B10V-1 = Class B:C Dry Chemical = Corrosive powder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the UL classification/rating for the Amerex 240 H water can?

    <p>2A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Badger B10V-1 CO2 extinguisher has a maximum effective range of 10-15 feet.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hysteresis test interval for CO2 extinguishers?

    <p>5 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended pressure for the PRO/Pak during operations?

    <p>100 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The maximum pressure required at the eductor is ____ PSI.

    <p>200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cold weather conditions have no effect on accident scenes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should you check yearly for extinguishers?

    <p>Inspection tag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the target flow for the 2 ½” handline?

    <p>260 GPM to 328 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flows of more than 300 GPM are recommended in an attack situation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What color is the 2” attack line typically on CFD engines?

    <p>red</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The weight within a charged 2” line is _____ pounds per 50’ section.

    <p>68</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique is suggested for deploying larger diameter hoses?

    <p>Attack over Supply</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should Firefighters ensure when using handlines?

    <p>They should be loaded in a way that allows for effective and efficient deployment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The recommended nozzle technique in large commercial spaces is a sweeping motion at the _____ level.

    <p>ceiling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a drawback of utilizing the 2 ½” line compared to the 2” line?

    <p>It is less maneuverable due to increased weight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ideal nozzle pattern in a large commercial space is a typical O pattern.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should firefighters prioritize when selecting a handline for fire attack?

    <p>Flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many freeway runs has the actual location matched the reported location?

    <p>Not many.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might help prevent a catastrophe when approaching a dispatched area?

    <p>Good radio communications</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drivers impaired at any time only occur late at night.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor can significantly affect the placement of firefighters during freeway runs?

    <p>Highway speeds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended action for engines during freeway runs?

    <p>Engines can be placed behind the accident to block traffic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The pump operator should ideally __________ for safety when the pump needs to be used.

    <p>set it and forget it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do freeway assistance vehicles play?

    <p>They create barriers and block traffic to ensure safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be called if a ladder is not assigned but may be needed?

    <p>A ladder truck</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Firefighters should move their engine after every incident regardless of injury.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if conducting a Wires Down run?

    <p>Block the roadway the proper distance away.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What nozzle pressure are CFD smooth bore nozzles designed to operate at?

    <p>50 PSI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The amount of water flowed through a hand line and the __________ it produces are directly correlated.

    <p>nozzle reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the expected minimum flow rate for initial interior residential attack lines?

    <p>150 GPM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Freeman Principle state regarding nozzle selection?

    <p>The orifice should ideally not be greater than half the diameter of the hose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    904K Piercing Nozzle

    • The nozzle has a 1.5” National standard threaded connection.
    • The 904K has a limited back pressure due to check mark piping.
    • It's made of 1020 soft alloy steel, which is 10% Iron and 20% Carbon.
    • The nozzle only needs to be driven in 3.75" to have full penetration of the sprayer head.
    • The 904K has a replaceable hardened steel tip.
    • It is rated for 175 GPM at 100 PSI.
    • It can be used in confined spaces such as attics, basements, and box trucks.
    • The nozzle provides a safe way to extinguish confined space fires, allowing for steam expansion to suppress the fire.

    Bresnan Distributor

    • The Elkhart Brass model has a 2 ½” female coupling and 9 outlets ranging in size from.5” to.625”.
    • The Elkhart Brass model is rated for 340 GPM at 50 PSI and 495 GPM at 100 PSI.
    • The Akron Brass model has a 2 ½” female coupling, 9 variable angle orifices, three 3/8”, and six 13/32”.
    • The Akron Brass model is rated for 250 GPM at 100 PSI.
    • The Bresnan Distributor can be used for attic and basement fires, and other limited access fires such as warehouses with high rack storage.

    Elkhart Brass R.A.M.XD

    • The R.A.M.XD has a 2 ½” inlet and outlet and 20° of travel left and right from center.
    • The R.A.M.XD has four fold-out aluminum forged legs with carbide tipped ground spikes.
    • The R.A.M.XD has a locking pin that holds the valve in a closed position to prevent accidental opening.
    • The nozzle can be set from 51° to 35° while unmanned.
    • The R.A.M.XD can be lowered from 35° down to 14° when manned.
    • The nozzle is rated for operation at 500 GPM and/or 150 psi.
    • The R.A.M.XD comes with a 1 3/8” deluge tip rated for 505 GPM at 80 psi NP (55 lbs of friction loss per 100’).
    • The R.A.M.XD has an active safety system with an upper and lower pivot point.
    • The system is active at approximately 350 GPM.

    Mercury Quick Attack Monitor/MQA

    • The MQA is rated for flows up to 500 GPM.
    • The MQA has only 6 PSI friction loss through the unit at 500 GPM.
    • The tip can rotate 20° left or right from center.
    • The nozzle can be operated from 60° to 30° when unmanned.
    • The top handle contains a spring-loaded mechanism that allows for the nozzle to travel down to 20°.
    • Triple stacked tips are generally used.
    • The 1” tip has a rating of 266 GPM at 80 psi nozzle pressure (15 lbs of FL per 100’).
    • The 1-1/8” tip has a rating of 336 GPM at 80 psi nozzle pressure (25 lbs of FL per 100’).
    • The 1-1/4” tip has a rating of 415 GPM at 80 psi nozzle pressure (38 lbs of FL per 100’). Overpumping the MQA to 115 psi is an option with this tip, and could result in the max rated flow of 498 GPM.
    • The 1-3/8” tip has a rating of 502 GPM at 80 psi nozzle pressure (55 lbs of FL per 100’).
    • The 1-1/2” deluge tip is rated for 496 GPM at 55 psi nozzle pressure (55 lbs of FL per 100’).

    Fire Extinguishers

    • Fire extinguishers are classified with a letter designation system.
    • The UL classification system provides a rating system for each type of extinguisher.

    Recharging Water Cans

    • Water cans are used to replenish water for firefighters on the fireground.
    • The Badger WP-61 is a specific type of water can that has unique features and specifications.
    • It's important to understand how to properly fill a water can.

    Apparatus Positioning on Roadways

    • Firefighters often face a higher risk in roadway incidents due to distracted drivers and heavy traffic.

    • Law enforcement aims to minimize traffic disruption, while fire services prioritize safety and patient care.

    • Road conditions and driver behavior significantly influence placement of apparatus, especially during slick conditions (rain, snow, or ice).

    • Size-up considerations:

      • Location, conditions, caller information, and known hazards (e.g., blind curves).

    • Apparatus placement:

      • Freeways: Often placed behind the accident to act as a blocker and provide space for firefighters.
      • Smaller scenes: May allow bumper lines for attack lines.
      • Angling the engine: Offers deflection for other vehicles but exposes the pump operator to traffic.
      • Medic units: Park in front of the wreckage for easy exit.
      • Rescue units: Park beside or slightly ahead of the wreckage for better access to tools and lighting.
      • Battalion Chiefs/EMS/Rescue Supervisors: Park ahead of the wreckage when possible.

    • State Farm Blockers: Ohio Department of Transportation utilizes sponsored vehicles to assist on freeways.

    Hose Deployment Overview

    • This section describes CFD's attack line packages and techniques.
    • It's important to note that deployment packages, techniques, and communication will vary across the city. ### Hose Advancement
    • Teamwork and communication are key.
    • Slow and steady wins the race; moving quickly can hinder efficiency.

    ### Interior Hose Team Positions

    • Attack: Nozzle firefighter, responsible for pulling and flaking out hose. Brings the first 50 feet of hose to the door. Checks the nozzle and attack package before entry. Uses a three-point stance with a pistol grip.
    • Backup: Supports the nozzle firefighter, forces the door if necessary. Sweeps the egress area, checks for "LFL" (Life, Fire, Layout). Assists with hose advancement.
    • Control: Manages the hose line outside the structure, assists with kinks and pre-loading.
    • Door: Manages the hose line outside the structure up to the front door, removes kinks, assists with door splitting.

    ### Hose Line Selection

    • The first line deployed determines the success of the operation.
    • Initial Line Selection:
      • 1 ¾” hose line: Single room and contents fire up to three rooms.
      • Two 1 ¾” hose lines or one 2” hose line: More than three rooms on fire.
      • 2 ½” hose line: One floor or more of fire.
      • Commercial structure: 2” or 2 ½” hose line
      • Defensive operations: Master streams.
    • Exponential Engine Theory (Brian Brush):
      • Enough water should be available for the situation.
      • Different hose lines should be deployed in different situations.
      • Each increase in hose line size should double the available GPM.
    • When to pull a 2 ½” handline (Andy Fredericks):
      • ADULTS acronym:
        • Advanced fire on arrival
        • Defensive operations
        • Unable to determine the size of the fire
        • Large, non-compartmentalized areas
        • Tons of water needed
        • Standpipe system operations.

    ### 2" Handline Target Flow

    • 200 to 250 GPM
    • Nozzle Options:
      • 1” smooth bore tip
      • 1 1/16” smooth bore tip
      • 250/50 combination nozzle

    ### 2 ½” Hand Line Target Flow

    • 260 to 328 GPM
    • Nozzle Options:
      • 1 1/8” smooth bore tip
      • 1 3/16” smooth bore tip
      • 1 ¼” smooth bore tip
      • Indy Stack (1 1/8” tip on top of 1 ¼” tip).
      • Flows over 300 GPM are not recommended unless in a fixed position.

    ### 2" and 2 ½” Handline Layout

    • On CFD engines:
      • 2” attack line is typically on the cross lay bed. Pre-connected 200 foot load.
      • 2 ½” attack line is normally on the rear of the engine. Static load of either 200 or 300 feet. May or may not be pre-connected.
      • Pre-connected 100 feet of 2 ½” hose to a MQA or RAM is common.

    ### 2" & 2 ½" Handline - "Attack over Supply" Orientation

    • Helps with hand line advancement.
    • Elevates the first 50 feet of hose off the ground.
    • Reduces friction between the hose and the ground.

    ### Deployment with Larger Diameter Hose

    • "Attack over Supply" orientation can be beneficial.
    • Deploy inline with the advance.
    • Ensure efficient and effective deployment under realistic conditions.
    • Consideration should be given to multi-story buildings and navigating multiple corners.### Hose Loads
    • Three common hose loads are found on CFD engines: Triple Fold; Modified Minuteman – 50’ Bundle; Modified Minuteman – 100’ Bundle
    • Triple Fold: Quick deployment, less chance of error, not versatile around obstacles, no shoulder load
    • Modified Minuteman - 50’ Bundle: Easier to manage on shoulder, can split cars, may not be enough hose, does not deploy as quickly as a triple fold, more moving parts that can cause deployment issues
    • Modified Minuteman - 100’ Bundle: Versatile around obstacles, shorter dead stack, more usable hose near entry point, easier to split cars, can be difficult to manage on shoulder, prone to “spaghetti”, does not deploy as quickly as a triple fold, more moving parts that can cause deployment issues

    Building a 100' Minuteman Bundle

    • Build this load in two steps: Building the 100' bundle section, loading the remaining hose and connecting it to the 100' bundle

    • Building the Bundle

      • Place marks on the bay floor to designate the size of the bundle
      • Place the nozzle coupling at the designated mark
      • Fold the hose on its side, building the pack away from the firefighters
      • When the midpoint of the first 50' of hose is reached, add a small loop in the rear of the bundle
      • When the coupling for the first 50' of hose is reached, place it at the front of the bundle
      • When the midpoint of the second 50' of hose is reached, add a second small loop in the rear of the bundle
      • Connect the nozzle and fold it over the front of the bundle
      • Place the bundle on your shoulder with the ears facing the tabs to allow the straps to be facing up when the pack is set on the ground

    • Finishing the Load

      • Connect the first 50' of hose to the pump discharge plumbing
      • Load the remaining hose in a single straight stack, placing a loop approximately 50' into the load
      • Slide the premade 100' bundle into the opening next to the dead stack
      • Connect the tail of the bundle to the top of the dead stack
      • If one stack configuration is being used, load the dead stack on the bottom and drape the last coupling over the back of the hose bed. Place the 100' bundle on top, bring the draped coupling back on top of the bundle, and connect the couplings.

    904K Piercing Nozzle

    • 904K refers to a built-in shut-off valve
    • Able to cover up to 25 feet in all directions (2,500 square feet)
    • Has a replaceable hardened steel tip
    • Made of 1020 soft alloy steel (10 is iron, 20 is carbon)
    • Can be used for fires in attics, basements, box trucks, semi-trucks, dumpsters, cars, hidden compartments, and confined spaces
    • Water can be directed in all directions
    • Limited reach
    • Can be used with 24” extensions
    • Has a flow rate is 175 GPM at 100 PSI

    Bresnan Distributor

    • Covers a 36’ diameter area when flowing, the Akron Brass model covers 14’ diameter.
    • Available in Elkhart Brass and Akron Brass Models
    • Has 9 outlets ranging in size from .5” to .625” (Elkhart Brass)
    • The Elkhart Brass model has a flow rate of 340 GPM at 50 PSI and 495 GPM at 100 PSI
    • The Akron Brass model has a flow rate of 250 GPM at 100 PSI.
    • Can be used for fires in basements, attics, and limited access fires
    • Can be used for both indirect and direct attacks

    Elkhart Brass R.A.M.XD

    • Has a hydraulic stability system
    • 4 fold-out aluminum forged legs with carbide tipped ground spikes
    • Locking pin that will keep valve in a closed position to prevent accidental opening
    • 2 ½” inlet and outlet
    • 20 of travel left and right from center
    • Angle can be set from 51 to 35 while unmanned
    • Can be lowered from 35 down to 14 when manned
    • Has an active safety system

    Mercury Quick Attack Monitor/MQA

    • Has a maximum flow rate of 500 GPM
    • Only 6 PSI friction loss through the unit at 500 GPM
    • Tip can rotate 20 left or right from center
    • Can be operated from 60 to 30 when unmanned
    • Top handle contains a spring-loaded mechanism that allows the user to travel down to 20 degrees
    • Can be used with a variety of tip sizes with different flow and pressure

    Fire Extinguishers

    • Each extinguisher's UL classification/rating should be understood

    Recharging Water Cans

    • Know how to properly fill a water can
    • Understand the differences between a normal water can and a Badger WP-61
    • Understand how to fill a Badger WP-61 water can

    Apparatus Positioning on Roadways

    • Operating around moving traffic is a risk to life and limb
    • Law enforcement and fire service have different goals in roadway incidents, law enforcement wants to get traffic moving, fire service wants to secure the scene
    • A good size-up will consider, location, conditions, caller information, known hazards, and how to stage apparatus
    • Slick road conditions increase stopping distances for cars
    • Freeway runs may not match the reported location
    • Drivers may be distracted, impaired, or have mechanical issues with their vehicles
    • Fire apparatus should be positioned to protect firefighters when they work
    • Apparatus should be positioned behind the accident site to act as a blocker
    • When positioning apparatus, always prioritize safety
    • Angling the engine can help deflect a collision, but be aware of exposing pump operator to traffic
    • Consider positioning medics in front of the wreckage and rescues beside or slightly ahead for easy access
    • It's recommended the engine stays in place after being positioned until the scene is safe
    • The Ohio Department of Transportation works with sponsor companies to fund and staff freeway assistance vehicles

    Hose Deployment Overview

    • The text is a brief overview of attack line packages and techniques used by CFD
    • It is essential to understand that deployment packages, techniques, and communication will differ around the city

    Reviewing hose team positions

    • A - Attack: Handles the nozzle and brings the first 50’ coupling to the door.
    • B - Backup: Assists the nozzle firefighter, forces the door if needed, and sweeps the immediate area.
    • C - Control: Manages the hose line from the backup firefighter to the door, helps with kinks, and preloads hose as needed.
    • D - Door: Responsible for the line outside the structure up to the front door, removes kinks, and helps split the door.

    Hose Line Selection Considerations

    • Initial Line Selection (Fire Size):
      • Single room or contents fire, up to three rooms: 1 ¾” hose line
      • More than three rooms: Two 1 ¾” hose lines or one 2” hose line
      • One floor or more: 2 ½” hose line
      • Commercial structure: 2” or 2 ½” hose line
      • Defensive operations: Consider master streams

    Exponential Engine Theory

    • Brian Brush: Ensures enough water to extinguish the fire, emphasizes different hose lines for different fire situations.
    • Rule of Thumb: Increasing the hose line size should approximately double the GPM.

    When to Pull a 2 ½” Handline

    • ANDY FREDERICKS: Uses the ADULTS acronym to determine when a 2 ½” line should be used.
    • ADULTS:
      • Advanced fire on arrival
      • Defensive operations
      • Unable to determine fire size
      • Large, non-compartmentalized areas
      • Tons of water needed
      • Standpipe system operations

    Expectations for 2” and 2 ½” Handlines in Problem Occupancies

    • Target Flow:
      • 2” hose line: 200-250 GPM
      • 2 ½” hose line: 260-328 GPM
    • Disadvantages of 2” line with 1” tip:
      • Only 50 GPM more than 1 ¾” line, doesn’t meet the industry standard for commercial occupancies
      • Doesn't provide enough water for large, uncompartmentalized spaces

    Layout and Deployment

    • 2” lines: Usually found on the cross lay bed, preconnected, 200 foot load.

    • 2 ½” lines: Usually on the rear of the engine, static loads of either 200 or 300 feet, may or may not be preconnected.

    • Importance of Layout: Firefighters should be able to deploy hose lines effectively and efficiently under realistic conditions.

    • Attack over Supply: When using larger hoses, deploy in "Attack over Supply" orientation to raise the first 50’ off the ground, reducing friction.### Hose Loads & Deployment

    • Three main hose loads are:

      • Triple Fold
      • Modified Minuteman – 50’ bundle
      • Modified Minuteman – 100’ bundle

    • Triple Fold:

      • Advantages:
        • Deploys quickly
        • Less chance for error with fewer moving parts
      • Disadvantages:
        • Not versatile around obstacles
        • Lacks a shoulder load option for tight spaces

    • Modified Minuteman – 50’ bundle:

      • Advantages:
        • Easier to manage on shoulder because it’s shorter than 100’ bundle
        • Easier to split vehicles than a triple fold
      • Disadvantages:
        • 50’ may not be enough to reach objectives
        • Does not deploy as quickly as Triple Fold
        • More moving parts present a larger risk of deployment issues

    • Modified Minuteman – 100’ bundle:

      • Advantages:
        • More versatile around vehicles and obstacles than triple fold
        • Shorted “dead stack” makes it more manageable
        • Offers more usable hose near structure entry points (able to reach all areas of most common residential structures)
        • Easier to split vehicles (more hose on shoulder instead of dragging on the ground)
      • Disadvantages:
        • Difficult to manage on shoulder (prone to “spaghetti”)
        • Doesn’t deploy as quickly as Triple Fold
        • More moving parts present a larger risk of deployment issues

    Building a 100’ Minuteman Bundle

    • Building Steps:
      • Step One: Building 100’ bundle section (the live stack)
      • Step Two: Loading remaining hose (dead stack) and connecting it to the 100’ bundle
    • Bundle Building:
      • The bundle is built to the approximate size of the hose bed
      • Use marks on the bay floor or a 6’ hook as references to create the bundle
      • The bundle should be slightly shorter than the hose bed to make room for loops
      • Place nozzle coupling 12-14" past the end (or hook)
      • Start the bundle by folding the hose on its side, starting closest to the firefighter and building away from them
      • Place a loop at the midpoint of the first 50’ section of the hose, this loop allows for easier handling during a back or split stretch
      • Continue folding until the 50’ connection coupling is reached. The coupling should be kept at the front of the bundle for quicker deployment
      • Place a second loop at the midpoint of the second 50’ section of the hose
      • Finish folding the bundle when the final coupling is reached
      • Connect the nozzle and fold it up and over the front of the bundle (the nozzle should sit farther back than the midpoint coupling)
      • When placing the bundle on the shoulder, use the "Ear to Tab" method to ensure the straps face up when the bundle is placed on the ground

    Finishing the Hose Load

    • Connect the first 50’ section of hose to the pump discharge plumbing in the selected hose bed
    • Load the remaining hose in a single straight stack
    • Place a loop in the stack 50’ into the load or in the middle of the dead stack
    • Slide the premade 100’ bundle into the opening next to the dead stack
    • Connect the coupling at the tail of the bundle to the coupling on top of the dead stack
    • For hose bed divider setups, load the dead stack on the bottom, load the 100’ bundle on top, and connect the couplings.

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