Questions and Definitions
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Questions and Answers

Which class of fire includes flammable liquids such as paint and gasoline?

  • Class K
  • Class C
  • Class B (correct)
  • Class A

    • Sterilization and sanitization are the same process.

    False

    List one common illness caused by bacteria.

    Tuberculosis

    Sanitization is the process of reducing the number of harmful __________ on surfaces.

    <p>microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of centrifuges with their descriptions:

    <p>Fixed angle centrifuge = Slant Horizontal centrifuge = Flat Ultra centrifuge = High speed Temperature centrifuge = 37°C or 4°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which class of fire involves high-temperature cooking oils?

    <p>Class K</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All bodily fluids must be treated as if they are potentially infectious.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one type of combustible metal classified in fire classes.

    <p>Sodium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the acronym PASS stand for in relation to fire extinguisher usage?

    <p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cross-contamination refers to the intentional transfer of harmful substances between surfaces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the inactive stage some bacteria can enter called?

    <p>spore or endospore stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A Safety Data Sheet is useful for understanding the _____ of chemicals.

    <p>hazards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When would reverse isolation be utilized?

    <p>For patients with weakened immune systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An endemic disease is one that is found worldwide and affects large populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following steps for handling biological waste:

    <ol> <li>Identify the Type = Selection of waste category</li> <li>Personal Protection = Use of gloves and masks</li> <li>Containment = Using sealed containers</li> <li>Disposal Methods = Following guidelines for safe removal</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    What is code brown used to indicate?

    <p>a hazardous spill or contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of an autoclave?

    <p>To sterilize equipment using high-pressure steam</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Incineration is a method of disinfection.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    List two caustic chemicals mentioned in the content.

    <p>Potassium hydroxide and sodium hydroxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Gold standard disinfectant for cleaning centrifuges typically refers to __________.

    <p>2% Glutaraldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the chemical with its classification.

    <p>Potassium hydroxide = Caustic chemical Sodium hydroxide = Caustic chemical Concentrated sodium hypochlorite = Disinfectant Nitric Acid = Hazardous chemical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where should a spill kit be placed in the laboratory?

    <p>In a visible and accessible place, but not in the way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Biological Safety Cabinets are designed exclusively for protecting laboratory users from hazardous chemicals.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the post-exposure prophylaxis process for a needle stick injury?

    <p>Immediately wash the area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an outbreak refer to in disease terms?

    <p>A sudden increase in cases of a disease beyond what is expected</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pandemic can occur if an epidemic spreads over multiple countries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC)?

    <p>To provide a controlled environment that protects both the user and the surrounding environment from potentially harmful biological agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) is often required when dealing with __________.

    <p>chemical spills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Outbreak = A sudden increase in disease cases Epidemic = An outbreak affecting a large population Pandemic = An epidemic spreading across countries Good Laboratory Practices = Standards to ensure quality and safety in labs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common method of infection control in laboratories?

    <p>Using Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Soap and water are considered alternative cleaning materials when standard chemical spill cleaning agents are unavailable.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can result if an outbreak is not quickly controlled?

    <p>An epidemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of biosafety standards?

    <p>Establish safety and security regimes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Group 4 risk category consists of low individual risk and high community risk.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two examples of biological hazards.

    <p>Bacteria, viruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    _____ is the process of ensuring items and surfaces are free from pathogenic contaminants.

    <p>Decontamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risk groups with their descriptions:

    <p>Group 1 = Low individual risk, low community risk Group 2 = Moderate individual risk, low community risk Group 3 = High individual risk, low community risk Group 4 = High individual risk, high community risk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological hazard?

    <p>Chemical reagents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vaccinations and health monitoring are not part of safe laboratory practices.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one requirement for authorized persons working with biological hazards?

    <p>Training requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of physical features needed for safe handling and storage of biohazards?

    <p>To facilitate operational practices for safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    BSL-3 laboratories require unrestricted access for all personnel.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of a biological safety cabinet?

    <p>To provide a sterile environment and protect users from exposure to infectious agents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A high concentration of bilirubin in the blood can lead to a condition known as _______.

    <p>icterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following biosafety levels with their risk profiles:

    <p>BSL-1 = Low-risk agents, not typically pathogenic BSL-2 = Moderate-risk pathogens, treatable BSL-3 = High-risk agents, fatal via inhalation BSL-4 = Extreme risk, dangerous pathogens, life-threatening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of BSL-2 laboratories?

    <p>Use of biological safety cabinets for certain tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticoagulants are used to promote the clotting of blood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of virology?

    <p>The study of viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The _______ is a key instrument used to measure the activity of hydrogen ions in solutions.

    <p>pH meter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following laboratory tools with their functions:

    <p>Centrifuge = Separates components of a mixture by spinning Pipette = Transports a measured volume of liquid Reagent = Initiates a chemical reaction Incubator = Maintains optimal growth conditions for cultures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of calibration in laboratory settings?

    <p>To check if measuring instruments are accurate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Quality Control (QC) measures the precision of results over time.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'biohazard'.

    <p>A biological agent or condition that poses a hazard to humans or the environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of an excess of _________ in the blood is termed lipemia.

    <p>fats or lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fire Classes

    • Class A: Wood, paper, cloth, rubber, and plastics
    • Class B: Flammable liquids and vapors (paint, oil, grease, gasoline)
    • Class C: Electrical equipment
    • Class D: Combustible or reactive metals (sodium, potassium, magnesium, lithium)
    • Class K: High-temperature cooking oils, grease, or fats

    Sterility Definition

    • Sterile means completely free of bacteria, viruses, germs, and other organisms (including spores).

    Autoclave Principle

    • An autoclave uses high-pressure steam to sterilize equipment, materials, and substances.

    Needle Stick Exposure Steps

    • Immediate action: Wash the area to drain the needle's substance.
    • Report: Report the injury.
    • Medical Attention: Seek medical attention.
    • Injury report: Complete a needle-stick injury report.
    • Follow up: Follow up testing as instructed.

    Common Illnesses Caused by Bacteria

    • Tuberculosis
    • Salmonellosis
    • Gonorrhea
    • Pneumonia
    • Syphilis

    Centrifuge Types

    • Fixed-angle centrifuge (slant)
    • Horizontal centrifuge (flat)
    • Ultra centrifuge (high-speed)
    • Temperature centrifuge (37°C or 40°C)

    Sterilization and Disinfection Methods

    • Autoclaves
    • Incineration

    Caustic Chemicals Examples

    • Potassium hydroxide
    • Sodium hydroxide
    • Sulfuric acid
    • Nitric acid
    • Concentrated sodium hypochlorite (chlorine bleach)

    Infectious Agent Groups

    • Bacteria
    • Viruses
    • Fungi
    • Parasites

    Antibiotic-Resistant Bacteria

    • Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
    • Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)
    • Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE)

    Agents Requiring Contact Precautions

    • Norovirus
    • Scabies
    • Herpes

    Reverse Isolation Use

    • For people with weakened immune systems (HIV/AIDS, cancer, organ transplants)

    Chain of Infection Transmission

    • Infectious agent
    • Reservoir
    • Portal of exit
    • Means of transmission
    • Portal of entry
    • Susceptible host

    Biological Safety Cabinet Filter

    • HEPA filter (High-Efficiency Particulate Air)

    Agents Requiring Droplet Precautions

    • Influenza (flu)
    • COVID-19
    • Pertussis

    Agents Requiring Airborne Precautions

    • Tuberculosis (TB)
    • Chickenpox (Varicella)
    • Measles

    Fire Extinguisher PASS

    • Pull the pin.
    • Aim at the base of the fire.
    • Squeeze the handle.
    • Sweep side to side.

    Bacteria Inactive Stage

    • Spore or endospore stage

    Infectious Agent Definition

    • Any microorganism or pathogen that can cause disease.

    Standard Precautions

    • Treating all bodily fluids and mucous membranes as potentially infectious.
    • Infection control practices in healthcare to protect workers and patients.

    Gold Standard Disinfectant

    • Typically broad-spectrum disinfectants effective against viruses, bacteria, and fungi, compatible with centrifuge materials (e.g., 2% glutaraldehyde).

    Fume Hood vs. Biological Safety Cabinet

    • Fume Hood: Protects user and environment from chemical dust, vapors, or fumes.
    • Biological Safety Cabinet: Protects user, environment, and samples/specimens from biological agents.

    Disinfection Definition

    • Eliminating or reducing harmful microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi) from surfaces, objects, or environments using chemicals or other methods.

    Engineering Controls

    • Physical modifications or systems to reduce or eliminate workplace hazards.

    Exposure Control Plan

    • Written program to minimize worker exposure to hazardous substances, conditions, or environments.

    Administrative Controls

    • Policies, procedures, and work practices to reduce worker exposure to hazards.

    Cross-Contamination Definition

    • Transfer of harmful substances (bacteria, viruses, allergens, chemicals) from one surface, substance, or object to another.

    Handling Biological Waste

    • Identification: Identify the type of waste.
    • Personal protection & hygiene: Personal protection and hygiene
    • Containment: Containment methods
    • Storage: Storage procedures
    • Disposal methods: Disposal methods
    • Documentation: Recording and compliance
    • Training & Awareness: Training and awareness

    Other topics (from the provided text):

    • SDS (Safety Data Sheet) usage
    • Biological Safety Cabinet (BSC) main function
    • Biosafety levels (BSL)
    • Global spread of disease (endemic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic)
    • Infection control methods in the lab
    • Code brown emergency
    • Alternative cleaning materials (soap, water, baking soda, vinegar, paper towels, disinfecting wipes)
    • Risk groups (1, 2, 3, 4)

    Laboratory Equipment and Techniques (from a subsequent section):

    • Analyte
    • Anticoagulant
    • Aseptic Technique
    • Assay
    • Biosafety
    • Calibration
    • Centrifuge
    • Coagulation
    • Culture
    • Cytology
    • Dilution
    • Electrolytes
    • Enzyme
    • Hemolysis
    • Incubation
    • Icterus
    • Lipemia
    • Lysis
    • Microbiology
    • Mycology
    • Pathogen
    • Pipette
    • Plasma
    • Point-of-Care Testing (POCT)
    • Quality Control (QC)
    • Reagent
    • Reference Range
    • Specimen
    • Staining
    • Turbidity
    • Urinalysis
    • Virology
    • Viscosity
    • Biohazard
    • Centrifugation
    • Histology
    • Molecular Diagnostics
    • PH Meter
    • Specimen Processing
    • Worklist

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    Description

    This quiz covers essential information on fire classes, sterility definitions, and the principles of autoclaves. Additionally, it includes critical steps to follow in case of needle stick exposure and examines common illnesses caused by bacteria. It's a comprehensive guide for safety in handling hazardous materials and maintaining sterility.

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