Fianna Fáil Era: Economy, Censorship, and Anglo-Irish Relations
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Questions and Answers

What was the primary goal of FF's agricultural policies regarding wheat production in Ireland?

  • To achieve self-sufficiency by reducing reliance on imported wheat. (correct)
  • To increase cattle production for export.
  • To encourage farmers to diversify into new types of livestock.
  • To decrease the price of Irish grain on the international market.
  • What was the function of the Irish Sugar Company established in 1933?

  • To provide subsidies for sugar beet farmers.
  • To process sugar as a semi-state body. (correct)
  • To export sugar to Great Britain.
  • To regulate the import of sugar from other countries.
  • What impact did the strict censorship imposed by the Irish government have on the population during the specified period?

  • It encouraged open debate and diverse opinions in newspapers and media.
  • It led to increased public awareness of international affairs.
  • It fostered a sense of unity and patriotism among the people.
  • It resulted in many people being shocked by the realities of the war after it had ended. (correct)
  • What was the main reason Dev decided to withhold payments to Britain?

    <p>To alleviate financial pressures on the Free State during a depression. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Britain respond to the Free State's decision to withhold land annuity payments?

    <p>By imposing tariffs on Irish cattle and agricultural exports. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the purpose of the Emergency Imposition of Duties Act passed by the Dáil in 1932?

    <p>To allow duties to be imposed on goods such as coke, coal, and iron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the economic war between the Free State and Great Britain?

    <p>Doubling of the Free State's trade deficit between 1932 and 1934. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was Britain keen to resolve the economic war with the Free State?

    <p>Because the Free State was its third-largest customer. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary reason Éamon de Valera sought to dismantle the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council?

    <p>He viewed it as an infringement on the independence of the Free State's legal system. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the abdication of Edward VIII in 1936 influence Éamon de Valera's political agenda?

    <p>It provided him with a favorable opportunity to advance constitutional changes, passing both the Constitutions Act and the External Relations Act. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the External Relations Act passed by Éamon de Valera's government?

    <p>It asserted Ireland's control over its own foreign policy while maintaining association with the Commonwealth. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a key provision within the 1937 Constitution drafted by Éamon de Valera?

    <p>It asserted that the territory of Éire consisted of all 32 counties of Ireland, though laws only applied to 26. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Éamon de Valera strategically avoid declaring the Free State a republic in the 1930s?

    <p>To avoid provoking Britain and potentially jeopardizing the progress made in achieving greater independence. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary economic impact of the 1938 Anglo-Irish Trade Agreement on tariffs and quotas?

    <p>Reduced tariffs and quotas between Ireland and Britain. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the return of the three ports to Ireland a significant achievement for the Free State?

    <p>It enabled Ireland to maintain neutrality during wars. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Éamon de Valera initially challenge the authority of the Governor-General, James MacNeill?

    <p>By instructing MacNeill to absent himself from public occasions and then boycotting his functions. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the Statute of Westminster's role in the removal of the Oath of Allegiance?

    <p>It confirmed that the Free State had the authority to legislate its own affairs, including the removal of the Oath. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the financial component of the 1938 Anglo-Irish agreements?

    <p>Ireland made a final payment of ten million pounds to Britain for land annuities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why did Britain ultimately not react to the abolishment of the Governor-General post in 1937?

    <p>Britain believed intervention would only embarrass the King, who was responsible for the post. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the initial economic condition imposed on the Irish Free State by Britain?

    <p>Ireland had to buy a large quantity of coal from Britain and increase cattle imports from Britain. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did the CNG (Cummann na nGaedhael) party attempt to delay the removal of the Oath of Allegiance?

    <p>By using their majority in the senate to postpone the bill’s passage. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Anglo-Irish Agreements 1938

    A series of agreements that improved trade and diplomatic relations between Ireland and Britain, including financial and defense provisions.

    Economic War

    A conflict between Ireland and Britain over trade and financial matters, notably land annuities and tariffs.

    Land Annuities

    Payments made by Ireland to Britain for land, a contentious issue that sparked the Economic War.

    Oath of Allegiance

    A pledge that required Irish officials to swear loyalty to the British Crown, considered a barrier to independence.

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    Dev's Government Actions

    Actions taken by Éamon de Valera to remove the Oath of Allegiance and the Governor-General from Irish politics.

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    Governor-General

    The British monarch's representative in Ireland, seen as a symbol of British control before being abolished.

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    Statute of Westminster

    A 1931 law that granted full legislative independence to the dominions of the British Empire, impacting Irish governance.

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    Irish Neutrality

    Ireland's foreign policy stance that was strengthened by the return of ports from Britain after the 1938 agreements.

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    FF's Agricultural Policy

    FF aimed to make farms larger, shifting focus from cattle to crop production for self-sufficiency.

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    Guaranteed Prices for Wheat

    FF introduced guaranteed prices to encourage farmers to produce more wheat.

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    Censorship in Ireland

    Ireland had strict censorship, controlling war-related information in newspapers and films.

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    Dev's Economic Controversy

    Dev refused to make repayments to Britain during the depression, leading to economic tensions.

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    British Tariffs

    Britain imposed tariffs on Irish cattle and exports as a response to FF's policies.

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    Emergency Imposition of Duties Act

    In 1932, the act allowed Ireland to impose duties on various imports to protect its economy.

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    Cold Cattle Pact

    In 1935, Ireland and Britain agreed to stop the economic war, leading to better trade relations.

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    Judicial Committee of the Privy Council

    The highest court in the Commonwealth to which Irish legal appeals were made.

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    DeV's reforms against the Treaty

    Efforts led by DeV to diminish British influence in the Irish legal system.

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    Constitution Act of 1936

    Legislation that removed mentions of the King from the Irish Constitution.

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    New Constitution of 1937

    Draft that created Eire with a president, applying laws to only 26 counties.

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    Study Notes

    Irish Economy Under Fianna Fáil (FF)

    • FF aimed for larger, more efficient farms, shifting focus from cattle to wheat production for self-sufficiency.
    • Introduced agricultural policies with guaranteed wheat prices to encourage farmers to switch crops.
    • Established a semi-state sugar company in 1933.
    • Implemented strict censorship during World War II, including controlling newspapers, war-related news, and public forecasts.
    • Faced controversy when Dev, in 1932, refused to pay debts owed to Britain, leading to tariffs on Irish exports.
    • In response, the British imposed tariffs on Irish beef and cattle in 1934.
    • A 1935 agreement (the "Cold Cattle Pact") addressed the economic conflict and trade deficit between Ireland and Britain.
    • Further, Anglo-Irish agreements in 1938 resolved outstanding financial debts, returned ports, and eased tensions. This improved Irish independence.

    Irish Censorship and Wartime Information Control

    • During WWII, FF strictly controlled information through censorship measures.
    • War-related news, death notices of Irish soldiers, and films dealing with the conflict were highly restricted.

    Irish-British Economic Relations (1930s)

    • Trade disputes intensified between Ireland and Britain.
    • Ireland's trade deficit doubled from 1932 to 1934.
    • Britain imposed tariffs to recoup money owed in repayments for land.
    • Economic conflicts were resolved by 1938 through treaties that focused on reducing tariffs and quota agreements.

    Anglo-Irish Relations: Oath Controversy

    • The oath of allegiance was a significant point of contention during the Irish treaty negotiations.
    • Devolution's government moved to remove the oath, sparking British protests.
    • Later, The Free State's actions were deemed legitimate according to Westminster.

    Post-Treaty Developments: Constitutional Issues

    • The position of Governor-General was under scrutiny and ultimately ended in the 1930s.
    • Internal political conflicts rose within the Free State.
    • The Irish government tried to limit or remove the right of appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council over constitutional issues.
    • This eventually met with legal confirmation through the Privy Council's decision.
    • 1937 saw the enactment of new constitutional elements and documents, ending the Governor-General's role and focusing on the Commonwealth.

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    Description

    Explore the Irish economy under Fianna Fáil, including agricultural policies and the shift to wheat production. Learn about wartime censorship and information control during World War II. Review the Anglo-Irish agreements that resolved financial debts and improved Irish independence.

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