Anglo-Irish War and Independence
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Questions and Answers

What was the major consequence of the Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions of Ireland on English influence in Ireland?

  • The Reformation was widely accepted in Ireland
  • Direct control by the English crown expanded to the entire island of Ireland
  • English influence in Ireland severely weakened (correct)
  • The Irish Crown was meant to be carried by the Scottish monarch
  • What was the outcome of the Irish Parliament's pressure to acknowledge Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church in 1537?

  • The Irish Crown was meant to be carried by the Scottish monarch
  • The Irish Church became independent from English control
  • The establishment of the Irish Kingdom in 1541 (correct)
  • The Reformation was widely accepted in Ireland
  • What was the result of the 'Plantation of Ulster' from 1607?

  • The Irish Crown was meant to be carried by the Scottish monarch
  • The native Irish population was forced to convert to Protestantism
  • The English and Scots Presbyterian settlers were expelled from Ireland
  • Lands in Ulster were confiscated from the rebels and given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers (correct)
  • What was the primary reason for the growing English dominance over Ireland in the 1500s?

    <p>The advent of the Reformation and the Irish remaining staunchly Catholic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the rebellions by native Irish from 1580s?

    <p>The whole of Ireland was under English control from 1603</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the proportion of the Irish population that relied solely on potato crops by the mid-1840s?

    <p>A third</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the secret revolutionary organisation founded in 1858?

    <p>Fenians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which British Prime Minister issued an official apology in 1997 for the British government's handling of the Great Famine?

    <p>Tony Blair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main difference between the First and Second Home Rule Bills?

    <p>The First Bill had no provision for Irish representation in Westminster, while the Second did</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Third Home Rule Bill introduced in 1912?

    <p>It was passed by Parliament, but not implemented until after the war</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant consequence of the Civil Wars in Ireland in the mid-seventeenth century?

    <p>The creation of lasting bitterness between Irish Catholics and Protestants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main concern of British politicians regarding Ireland in the 18th century?

    <p>The potential use of Ireland as a stepping-stone for a French invasion of Britain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main outcome of the Rebellion of 1798 in Ireland?

    <p>The defeat of the rebellion and the surrender of the French expeditionary force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801?

    <p>To find a solution to the Irish problem following the rebellion of 1798</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829?

    <p>It repealed the Test and Corporation Acts, allowing Catholics to hold public office</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Anglo-Irish War between 1919 and 1921?

    <p>A truce was announced in July 1921, leading to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the Irish Civil War between 1922 and 1923?

    <p>Disagreement between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920?

    <p>The establishment of a Council of Ireland as a uniting body for two Irish parliaments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of 1937 in Irish history?

    <p>The Constitution of Ireland came into force in 1937.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome of the change in 1949?

    <p>The Free State stepped out of the Commonwealth and became the Republic of Ireland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their corresponding years:

    <p>Defeat of insurrectionists = 1919-21 Anglo-Irish Treaty = 1921 Irish Civil War = 1922-23 Constitution of Ireland = 1937</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following leaders with their roles in Irish history:

    <p>Michael Collins = Commander of IRA during Anglo-Irish War Eamonn de Valera = Leader of Irish government during Irish Civil War Henry VIII = Head of the Irish Church None of the above = Leader of Irish republicans during Anglo-Irish War</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following acts with their outcomes:

    <p>Government of Ireland Act = Introduced the principle of partition of Ireland Anglo-Irish Treaty = Established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion Constitution of Ireland = Declared Ireland as a republic Catholic Emancipation Act = Granted full independence to Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following events with their corresponding consequences:

    <p>Anglo-Irish War = Truce announced in July 1921 Irish Civil War = Deep and lasting divisions in Irish society Government of Ireland Act = Setting up of two Irish parliaments Constitution of Ireland = Establishment of the Council of Ireland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following entities with their roles in Irish governance:

    <p>Royal Irish Constabulary = British government forces Council of Ireland = Uniting body for the two Irish parliaments IRA = Irish republican forces British monarch = Head of state of Ireland until 1949</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 led to the immediate formation of the Republic of Ireland.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    All 32 Irish counties opted out of the Free State in 1921.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eamonn de Valera accepted the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Irish Civil War took place from 1920 to 1921.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Constitution of Ireland of 1937 declared Ireland a republic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ireland became a republic in 1922.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Anglo-Irish War lasted from 1918 to 1921.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Michael Collins was killed during the Anglo-Irish War.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Government of Ireland Act of 1920 proposed the partition of Ireland.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ireland left the Commonwealth in 1937.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland

    • 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
    • 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
    • 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control

    English Influence and Reformation

    • 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
    • 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
    • 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
    • 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
    • 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s

    Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster

    • 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
    • 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
    • 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
    • 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions

    William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
    • 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
    • 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland

    Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
    • 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
    • 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union

    The Great Famine and Home Rule

    • 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
    • 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
    • 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
    • 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
    • 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
    • 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
    • 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war

    Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War

    • 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
    • 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire

    Irish Civil War and Partition

    • 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
    • 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State

    Constitution and Republic of Ireland

    • 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
    • 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth

    Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland

    • 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
    • 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
    • 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control

    English Influence and Reformation

    • 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
    • 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
    • 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
    • 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
    • 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s

    Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster

    • 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
    • 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
    • 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
    • 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions

    William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
    • 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
    • 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland

    Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
    • 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
    • 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union

    The Great Famine and Home Rule

    • 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
    • 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
    • 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
    • 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
    • 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
    • 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
    • 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war

    Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War

    • 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
    • 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire

    Irish Civil War and Partition

    • 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
    • 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State

    Constitution and Republic of Ireland

    • 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
    • 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth

    Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland

    • 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
    • 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
    • 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control

    English Influence and Reformation

    • 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
    • 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
    • 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
    • 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
    • 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s

    Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster

    • 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
    • 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
    • 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
    • 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions

    William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
    • 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
    • 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland

    Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation

    • 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
    • 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
    • 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union

    The Great Famine and Home Rule

    • 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
    • 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
    • 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
    • 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
    • 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
    • 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
    • 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war

    Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War

    • 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
    • 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire

    Irish Civil War and Partition

    • 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
    • 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
    • 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State

    Constitution and Republic of Ireland

    • 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
    • 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth

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