35 Questions
What was the major consequence of the Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions of Ireland on English influence in Ireland?
English influence in Ireland severely weakened
What was the outcome of the Irish Parliament's pressure to acknowledge Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church in 1537?
The establishment of the Irish Kingdom in 1541
What was the result of the 'Plantation of Ulster' from 1607?
Lands in Ulster were confiscated from the rebels and given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
What was the primary reason for the growing English dominance over Ireland in the 1500s?
The advent of the Reformation and the Irish remaining staunchly Catholic
What was the outcome of the rebellions by native Irish from 1580s?
The whole of Ireland was under English control from 1603
What was the proportion of the Irish population that relied solely on potato crops by the mid-1840s?
A third
What was the name of the secret revolutionary organisation founded in 1858?
Fenians
Which British Prime Minister issued an official apology in 1997 for the British government's handling of the Great Famine?
Tony Blair
What was the main difference between the First and Second Home Rule Bills?
The First Bill had no provision for Irish representation in Westminster, while the Second did
What was the outcome of the Third Home Rule Bill introduced in 1912?
It was passed by Parliament, but not implemented until after the war
What was a significant consequence of the Civil Wars in Ireland in the mid-seventeenth century?
The creation of lasting bitterness between Irish Catholics and Protestants
What was the main concern of British politicians regarding Ireland in the 18th century?
The potential use of Ireland as a stepping-stone for a French invasion of Britain
What was the main outcome of the Rebellion of 1798 in Ireland?
The defeat of the rebellion and the surrender of the French expeditionary force
What was the main reason for the creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801?
To find a solution to the Irish problem following the rebellion of 1798
What was the significance of the Catholic Emancipation Act of 1829?
It repealed the Test and Corporation Acts, allowing Catholics to hold public office
What was the outcome of the Anglo-Irish War between 1919 and 1921?
A truce was announced in July 1921, leading to the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.
What was the main reason for the Irish Civil War between 1922 and 1923?
Disagreement between pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions over the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.
What was the outcome of the Government of Ireland Act of 1920?
The establishment of a Council of Ireland as a uniting body for two Irish parliaments.
What was the significance of 1937 in Irish history?
The Constitution of Ireland came into force in 1937.
What was the outcome of the change in 1949?
The Free State stepped out of the Commonwealth and became the Republic of Ireland.
Match the following events with their corresponding years:
Defeat of insurrectionists = 1919-21 Anglo-Irish Treaty = 1921 Irish Civil War = 1922-23 Constitution of Ireland = 1937
Match the following leaders with their roles in Irish history:
Michael Collins = Commander of IRA during Anglo-Irish War Eamonn de Valera = Leader of Irish government during Irish Civil War Henry VIII = Head of the Irish Church None of the above = Leader of Irish republicans during Anglo-Irish War
Match the following acts with their outcomes:
Government of Ireland Act = Introduced the principle of partition of Ireland Anglo-Irish Treaty = Established the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion Constitution of Ireland = Declared Ireland as a republic Catholic Emancipation Act = Granted full independence to Ireland
Match the following events with their corresponding consequences:
Anglo-Irish War = Truce announced in July 1921 Irish Civil War = Deep and lasting divisions in Irish society Government of Ireland Act = Setting up of two Irish parliaments Constitution of Ireland = Establishment of the Council of Ireland
Match the following entities with their roles in Irish governance:
Royal Irish Constabulary = British government forces Council of Ireland = Uniting body for the two Irish parliaments IRA = Irish republican forces British monarch = Head of state of Ireland until 1949
The Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921 led to the immediate formation of the Republic of Ireland.
False
All 32 Irish counties opted out of the Free State in 1921.
False
Eamonn de Valera accepted the Anglo-Irish Treaty of 1921.
False
The Irish Civil War took place from 1920 to 1921.
False
The Constitution of Ireland of 1937 declared Ireland a republic.
False
Ireland became a republic in 1922.
False
The Anglo-Irish War lasted from 1918 to 1921.
True
Michael Collins was killed during the Anglo-Irish War.
False
The Government of Ireland Act of 1920 proposed the partition of Ireland.
True
Ireland left the Commonwealth in 1937.
False
Study Notes
Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland
- 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
- 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
- 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control
English Influence and Reformation
- 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
- 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
- 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
- 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
- 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s
Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster
- 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
- 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
- 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
- 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions
William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation
- 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
- 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
- 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland
Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation
- 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
- 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union
The Great Famine and Home Rule
- 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
- 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
- 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
- 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
- 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
- 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
- 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war
Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War
- 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
- 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire
Irish Civil War and Partition
- 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
- 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State
Constitution and Republic of Ireland
- 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
- 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth
Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland
- 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
- 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
- 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control
English Influence and Reformation
- 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
- 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
- 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
- 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
- 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s
Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster
- 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
- 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
- 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
- 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions
William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation
- 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
- 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
- 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland
Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation
- 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
- 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union
The Great Famine and Home Rule
- 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
- 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
- 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
- 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
- 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
- 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
- 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war
Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War
- 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
- 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire
Irish Civil War and Partition
- 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
- 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State
Constitution and Republic of Ireland
- 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
- 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth
Anglo-Norman Invasions and Colonisation of Ireland
- 1169: Beginning of Anglo-Norman invasions and colonisation of Ireland
- 1171: Henry II claims overlordship of Ireland, formally achieved in 1175 Treaty of Windsor with papal support
- 1175: Henry II recognised as Lord of Ireland, leading to Anglo-Norman lords dividing Ireland into semi-independent lordships and areas under English King's control
English Influence and Reformation
- 1300s: English influence in Ireland weakened by Anglo-Scottish Wars and Scottish invasions
- 1500s: Tudor monarchs attempt to reinforce English overlordship over Ireland, leading to more direct involvement due to the Reformation
- 1537: Irish Parliament pressurised into acknowledging Henry VIII as 'supreme head' of the Irish Church
- 1541: Establishment of the Irish Kingdom, with the Irish Crown to be carried by the English monarch
- 1550s: 'Plantation' of English settlers in Ireland begins, leading to rebellions by native Irish from 1580s
Civil Wars and Plantation of Ulster
- 1603-25: James VI & I continues policy of settlements of Protestants in Ireland
- 1607: Lands in Ulster confiscated from rebels are given to English and Scots Presbyterian settlers
- 1642-54: Civil Wars, or 'Wars of the Three Kingdoms', involve Ireland, with Catholics and Protestants committing atrocities against each other
- 1649-50: Oliver Cromwell brings Ireland under parliamentarian, Protestant control after a bloody campaign against Catholic rebellions
William of Orange and Catholic Emancipation
- 1689-90: Following the Glorious Revolution, a series of repressive measures are implemented against Catholics in Ireland and Britain
- 1793: Irish Catholic Relief Act enables Catholics to bear arms, become members of corporations, vote, and hold commissions in the army
- 1798: Rebellion of 1798, instigated by the United Irishmen, poses a serious threat to British rule in Ireland
Act of Union and Catholic Emancipation
- 1801: Creation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
- 1829: Catholic Emancipation, with the repeal of the Test and Corporation Acts, granting Catholics full emancipation
- 1832: Election of 39 Irish MPs under Daniel O'Connell's leadership, pledged to seek a repeal of the Act of Union
The Great Famine and Home Rule
- 1845-48: The Great Famine, resulting in the population falling by about 2 million
- 1842: 'Young Ireland' nationalist movement founded
- 1858: 'Fenians' secret revolutionary organisation founded
- 1867: Attempted insurrection in Dublin, Cork, and elsewhere, defeated
- 1873: Fenians reconstituted as Irish Republican Brotherhood
- 1886 and 1893: Home Rule Bills introduced, but defeated
- 1912-14: Third Home Rule Bill passed, but with a proviso not to be implemented until after the war
Easter Rising and Anglo-Irish War
- 1916: Easter Rising, with Irish nationalists proclaiming the Independent Irish Republic
- 1919-21: Anglo-Irish War, with the IRA engaging in guerrilla warfare against British government forces
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty, establishing the Irish Free State as a self-governing dominion within the British Empire
Irish Civil War and Partition
- 1922-23: Irish Civil War, between republican die-hards and the new Irish government
- 1920: Government of Ireland Act proposes setting up two Irish parliaments, one for the six north-eastern counties and one for the other 26
- 1921: Anglo-Irish Treaty leads to the partition of the island, with six northern counties opting out of the Free State
Constitution and Republic of Ireland
- 1937: The 'Constitution of Ireland' comes into force, with Ireland often referred to as 'Ireland'
- 1949: The Republic of Ireland Act, with Ireland becoming a republic and leaving the Commonwealth
Test your knowledge on the key events and milestones of the Anglo-Irish War and Ireland's struggle for independence, including the Anglo-Irish Treaty and the Government of Ireland Act.
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