Fertilization Process: From Sperm to Zygote

What is the result of the fusion of the sperm and oocyte nuclei during fertilization?

A cell with only maternal genetic material
A cell with entirely new genetic material
A cell with only paternal genetic material
A cell with half genetic material from each parent (correct)

What is the purpose of the acrosomal reaction during fertilization?

To prevent polyspermy
To release enzymes to penetrate the zona pellucida (correct)
To stimulate the oocyte to release a polar body
To facilitate the binding of multiple sperm to the oocyte

What is the term for the process by which the fertilized oocyte becomes an impenetrable barrier to prevent polyspermy?

Acrosomal reaction
Zona pellucida breakdown
Capacitation
Fertilization membrane formation (correct)

Approximately what percentage of blastocysts fail to implant in the uterus during the pre-embryonic stage?

50-75% (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of transport is required for the transfer of amino acids and iron across the placenta?

Active transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the amnion during embryonic development?

To surround the embryo with fluid for protection (A) Signup and view all the answers

During which weeks does the placenta take over the endocrine function from the corpus luteum?

Weeks 12-17 (C) Signup and view all the answers

During what week does the conceptus reach the uterus and implant?

Week 2 (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

Loosening the pelvis and dilating the cervix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the formation of a cylindrical embryo from a flat sheet of cells during embryogenesis?

Embryonic folding (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the chorion during embryonic development?

To surround all other embryonic membranes (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended additional daily caloric intake for a pregnant woman during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

300 calories (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological change that occurs in the mother's body about 2 days before labor?

The expulsion of a plug of mucus covering the cervix (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the fertilized oocyte undergoes meiosis and releases a polar body?

Meiosis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of thyrotropin during pregnancy?

Increasing production of thyroid hormone (A) Signup and view all the answers

When is the placenta fully developed and functional?

Week 12 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the foramen ovale and ductus arterioles in the fetus?

To bypass the pulmonary circulation (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between colostrum and milk produced after the first 72 hours?

Colostrum has a higher concentration of immunoglobulins (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the mixture of alleles that will show in an individual's phenotype?

Codominance (C) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the prolactin levels over time, even with constant breastfeeding?

They decrease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size?

Involution (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for someone who has a recessive gene that can be passed on to their offspring?

Carrier (C) Signup and view all the answers