Fertilization Process: From Sperm to Zygote
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Questions and Answers

What is the result of the fusion of the sperm and oocyte nuclei during fertilization?

  • A cell with only maternal genetic material
  • A cell with entirely new genetic material
  • A cell with only paternal genetic material
  • A cell with half genetic material from each parent (correct)
  • What is the purpose of the acrosomal reaction during fertilization?

  • To prevent polyspermy
  • To release enzymes to penetrate the zona pellucida (correct)
  • To stimulate the oocyte to release a polar body
  • To facilitate the binding of multiple sperm to the oocyte
  • What is the term for the process by which the fertilized oocyte becomes an impenetrable barrier to prevent polyspermy?

  • Acrosomal reaction
  • Zona pellucida breakdown
  • Capacitation
  • Fertilization membrane formation (correct)
  • Approximately what percentage of blastocysts fail to implant in the uterus during the pre-embryonic stage?

    <p>50-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport is required for the transfer of amino acids and iron across the placenta?

    <p>Active transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the amnion during embryonic development?

    <p>To surround the embryo with fluid for protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which weeks does the placenta take over the endocrine function from the corpus luteum?

    <p>Weeks 12-17</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what week does the conceptus reach the uterus and implant?

    <p>Week 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of relaxin during pregnancy?

    <p>Loosening the pelvis and dilating the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the formation of a cylindrical embryo from a flat sheet of cells during embryogenesis?

    <p>Embryonic folding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the chorion during embryonic development?

    <p>To surround all other embryonic membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended additional daily caloric intake for a pregnant woman during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters?

    <p>300 calories</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the physiological change that occurs in the mother's body about 2 days before labor?

    <p>The expulsion of a plug of mucus covering the cervix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the fertilized oocyte undergoes meiosis and releases a polar body?

    <p>Meiosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of thyrotropin during pregnancy?

    <p>Increasing production of thyroid hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When is the placenta fully developed and functional?

    <p>Week 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the foramen ovale and ductus arterioles in the fetus?

    <p>To bypass the pulmonary circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between colostrum and milk produced after the first 72 hours?

    <p>Colostrum has a higher concentration of immunoglobulins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the mixture of alleles that will show in an individual's phenotype?

    <p>Codominance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the prolactin levels over time, even with constant breastfeeding?

    <p>They decrease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the process by which the uterus returns to its pre-pregnancy size?

    <p>Involution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for someone who has a recessive gene that can be passed on to their offspring?

    <p>Carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

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