Human Reproduction: Fertilization
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Questions and Answers

What is the approximate number of sperm cells that were competing to fuse with the egg cell?

  • 200,000 to 300,000
  • 100,000 to 200,000
  • 200 million to 300 million (correct)
  • 1 million to 2 million

    • Which of the following is the correct term for the process of a sperm cell fusing with an egg cell?

  • Differentiation
  • Gametogenesis
  • Mitosis
  • Fertilization (correct)

    • What is the term for each of the sex cells involved in the fertilization process?

  • Gamete (correct)
  • Ovum
  • Zygote
  • Spermatozoa

    • From which parent does the ovum, or egg cell, come?

    <p>Mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fertilization process?

    <p>A zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the cell that results from the fusion of a sperm cell and an egg cell?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the fertilization process typically take place?

    <p>Inside the mother</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the fertilization process?

    <p>It is a crucial step in producing a new individual</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do homologous chromosomes code for?

    <p>The same proteins and traits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pairs of homologous chromosomes do human beings have?

    <p>23 pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the haploid number for human beings?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'hapl' in 'haploid' mean?

    <p>Single</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diploid number for humans?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do biologists refer to as 'n' chromosomes?

    <p>Haploid number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the term 'zygote'?

    <p>A fertilized egg with 46 chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for the number of chromosomes in a given species?

    <p>Diploid number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

    <p>23</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the sex of an offspring?

    <p>The sex-determining chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for either a sperm or an egg?

    <p>Gamete</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many chromosomes are present in a human zygote?

    <p>46</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of a zygote differentiating into an actual organism?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the pairs of chromosomes in a zygote?

    <p>Homologous pairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the fusion of a sperm and an egg?

    <p>A zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the number of chromosomes in a zygote?

    <p>The number of chromosomes in the gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the 23rd chromosome in a gamete?

    <p>It determines the sex of the offspring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between a gamete and a zygote?

    <p>Number of chromosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Fertilization

    • Fertilization occurs when a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell (ovum) resulting in the formation of a zygote.
    • This process is the result of an epic competition where 2-3 hundred million sperm cells compete to fuse with the ovum.

    Gametes

    • Gametes are sex cells that have half the number of chromosomes as body cells (somatic cells).
    • Sperm cells and egg cells (ova) are both gametes.
    • Each gamete has half the number of chromosomes as body cells, which is 23 chromosomes in humans.

    Chromosomes in Gametes

    • A sperm cell has 23 chromosomes, including 22 autosomal chromosomes and 1 sex-determining chromosome (X or Y).
    • An egg cell (ovum) has 23 chromosomes, including 22 autosomal chromosomes and 1 sex-determining chromosome (X).

    Fertilization and Zygote Formation

    • When a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, the resulting cell is called a zygote.
    • The zygote has a total of 46 chromosomes, with 23 chromosomes from each parent.
    • The 46 chromosomes in the zygote are arranged in 23 pairs of homologous chromosomes.

    Homologous Chromosomes

    • Homologous chromosomes are pairs of chromosomes that code for the same things, but may have different variants of genes.
    • Each pair of homologous chromosomes has one chromosome from each parent.

    Haploid and Diploid Numbers

    • Haploid number refers to the number of chromosomes in a gamete, which is 23 in humans.
    • Diploid number refers to the number of chromosomes in a zygote, which is 46 in humans (2n).
    • Haploid and diploid numbers vary across species.

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    Learn about the process of human reproduction, where a sperm cell fuses with an egg cell, and explore the fascinating details of this epic competition.

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