Chapter 16 : Eyes

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Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

Ptosis = Drooping Exophthalmos = Eyeballs protrude and eyelids retract; associated with Graves and hyperthyroidism Entropion = Inward lower lid Ectropion = Outward lower lid

Match the following medical terms with their associated conditions:

Ptosis = Drooping Exophthalmos = Graves and hyperthyroidism Entropion = Inward lower lid Ectropion = Outward lower lid

Ptosis is a condition characterized by ______.

drooping

Exophthalmos is a condition where the eyeballs ______ and the eyelids retract.

protrude Signup and view all the answers

Entropion is a condition characterized by ______ of the lower lid.

inward Signup and view all the answers

Ectropion is a condition characterized by ______ of the lower lid.

outward Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye conditions with their definitions:

Blepharitis = Staph infection of eyelid Conjunctivitis = Inflammation of conjunctiva; AKA pink eye Hordeolum = Stye Diffuse episcleritis = Inflammation of sclera Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding eye conditions:

Staph infection of eyelid = Blepharitis Inflammation of conjunctiva = Conjunctivitis Stye = Hordeolum Inflammation of sclera = Diffuse episcleritis Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Blepharitis = This condition is caused by a staph infection of the eyelid Conjunctivitis = This condition is characterized by inflammation of the conjunctiva, also known as pink eye Hordeolum = This condition is commonly referred to as a stye Diffuse episcleritis = This condition involves inflammation of the sclera Signup and view all the answers

_______ - staph infection of eyelid

Blepharitis Signup and view all the answers

Conjunctivitis - inflammation of ________; AKA pink eye

conjunctiva Signup and view all the answers

Hordeolum - _______

stye Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Gradual = Aging, diabetes, HTN, neuro disorders Sudden = Acute problems (head trauma, or increased ICP) Floaters = Myopia (nearsightedness), 40+ Usually not a problem and no intervention required Blind spots = Scotoma (blind spot surrounded by normal or slightly diminished peripheral vision) Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of blind spots with their associated causes:

Intermittent blind spots = Associated with vascular spasms (ophthalmic migraine) or pressure on optic nerve Consistent blind spots = Retinal detachment Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their eye conditions:

Aging, diabetes, HTN, neuro disorders = Gradual Acute problems (head trauma, or increased ICP) = Sudden Myopia (nearsightedness), 40+ Usually not a problem and no intervention required = Floaters Scotoma (blind spot surrounded by normal or slightly diminished peripheral vision) = Blind spots Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with blind spots surrounded by normal or slightly diminished peripheral vision?

Ophthalmic migraine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions requires immediate attention if reported?

Retinal detachment Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following eye conditions is associated with increased intraocular pressure?

Open angle glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with allergies or superficial irritation?

Throbbing, stabbing, deep aching Signup and view all the answers

What is the possible cause of excessive watering or tearing in both eyes?

Irritant exposure or systemic response Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye symptoms with their potential causes:

Halos or rings around lights = Narrow angle glaucoma Trouble seeing at night = Optic atrophy, glaucoma, vit A deficiency Diplopia (double vision) = Increased ICP Eye itching or pain. Burning/itching = Allergies or superficial irritation Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Epiphora = Excessive watering or tearing (bilateral or unilateral.) Irregularly shaped iris = Shallow anterior chamber Increased risk for narrow-angle (closed-angle) glaucoma Miosis = Pinpoint pupils, constricted and fixed Mydriasis = Dilated and fixed pupils Signup and view all the answers

Match the following pupil conditions with their definitions:

Anisocoria = Pupils of unequal size Miosis = Pinpoint pupils, constricted and fixed Mydriasis = Dilated and fixed pupils Epiphora = Excessive watering or tearing Signup and view all the answers

______ or rings around lights - narrow angle glaucoma

Halos Signup and view all the answers

Eye itching or ______. Burning/itching - allergies or superficial irritation

pain Signup and view all the answers

______, stabbing, deep aching - foreign body in eye or changes in eye

Throbbing Signup and view all the answers

Match the following visual acuity tests with their normal results:

Distant Visual Acuity (Snellen Chart) = $20/20$ Near Visual Acuity (Jaeger test) = $14/14$ Signup and view all the answers

Match the visual acuity conditions with their descriptions:

Myopia = Impaired far vision, nearsightedness Presbyopia = Impaired near vision, farsightedness Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Legally blind = $20/200$ Referral needed = Anyone worse than $20/30$ Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following visual acuity measurements is considered normal?

20/20 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is associated with impaired far vision?

Myopia Signup and view all the answers

What visual acuity measurement is considered legally blind?

20/200 Signup and view all the answers

Snellen chart

distant visual activity Signup and view all the answers

whats considered legally blind?

20/200 Signup and view all the answers

Jaegar test :

Near visual activity Signup and view all the answers

patient should hold jaegar test ___ in away from eye ?

Signup and view all the answers

E-chart ?

Signup and view all the answers

How can we understand the E-chart ?

Signup and view all the answers

Eye exams

<h1>Snellen = Distant visual activity Jaegar = Near visual activity E-chart = non verbal or cant read</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Patient is 45 and we want to test his visual activity and he wants to use the "newspaper " test

Jaegar Signup and view all the answers

How will we test visual activity using jaegar test ?

Patient covers one eye , holds paper 14 in away and reads the smallest line Signup and view all the answers

A client completes a vision screening with the Sloan letter chart. The result is 20/30 vision. What does this result mean?

At 20ft away , patient reads letters that most people see at 30ft away Signup and view all the answers

Is the following statement true or false? When testing near visual acuity, the client should be asked to remove his or her glasses.

False Signup and view all the answers

Corneal Light Reflex Test (Hirschberg)

: Use penlight to observe parallel alignment of light reflection on corneas. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Strabismus = Constant misalignment of eyes Esotropia = Eye turns inward Exotropia = Eye turns outwards Phoria = Misalignment when fusion reflex is blocked Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their corresponding eye movements:

Exophoria = Eye movement outward Esophoria = Eye movement inward Normal eye movement in Cover test = Eye remains fixed straight ahead, no movement Abnormal eye movement in Cover test = Eye moves to establish focus when the opposite eye is covered Signup and view all the answers

Match the following tests with their corresponding procedures:

Corneal Light Reflex Test = Take penlight and shine at nose, observe reflection of light on the corneas Cover test = Have patient look away and focus on one object; have them cover an eye, observe the uncovered eye Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of strabismus?

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the cover test in extraocular muscle function testing?

To check for intact fusion reflex Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal response in the uncovered eye during the cover test?

Uncovered eye remains fixed straight ahead, no movement Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement in all six directions?

Cranial nerve III Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the abnormal rapid, oscillation movements of the eyes?

Nystagmus Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal eye movement in extreme movements?

Smooth and symmetric Signup and view all the answers

Match the cranial nerves with their associated eye movements:

Cranial nerve VI = Looking out the corner of the eye Cranial nerve IV = In towards your nose causing double vision Cranial nerve III = Responsible for all other eye movements Signup and view all the answers

Match the following descriptions with their conditions:

Failure to follow movement symmetrically, one eye malaligned = Abnormal Eye movement should be smooth and symmetric throughout all 6 directions = Normal Rapid, oscillation movements = Nystagmus Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye movements with their directions:

Up and out = Cranial nerve III In = Cranial nerve IV Out = Cranial nerve VI Signup and view all the answers

Cranial nerve VI is responsible for eye movement towards the door to leave.

False Signup and view all the answers

Cranial nerve IV is responsible for double vision when looking towards the nose.

True Signup and view all the answers

Nystagmus is a normal eye movement during extreme movements.

False Signup and view all the answers

What do we use to test Eye

ophthalmoscope Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a symptom of extraocular muscle dysfunction?

Nystagmus Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main abnormalities associated with the six cardinal fields of gaze?

Nystagmus and paralytic strabismus Signup and view all the answers

What is paralytic strabismus?

Abnormal eye alignment due to muscle weakness Signup and view all the answers

Cover - uncover test is used to test ?

strength in eye movement Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for performing the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

Darken the room, have the client focus on a nearby object, shine light obliquely into the pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected reaction of the pupils during the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

Pupils constrict Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of having the client focus on a distant object during the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

To observe the pupil's reaction to light Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Presbyopia = Decreased accommodation making it hard for old people to see things up close Pinguecula = Yellowish nodules on the bulbar conjunctiva Entropion = Condition where the eyelid turns in causing eyelashes to rub against the cornea Ectropion = Condition where the eyelid turns out and does not touch the eye Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their associated eye issues in older adults:

Floaters = Floating white spot in vision, usually not a problem and no intervention required Myopia = Nearsightedness, common in individuals 40+ Arcus senilis = Lipid deposits appearing as rings on the outer region of the cornea Entropion = Eyelid turns in causing eyelashes to rub against the cornea Signup and view all the answers

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Myopia = Nearsightedness, common in individuals 40+ Pinguecula = Yellowish nodules on the bulbar conjunctiva, harmless and common in older clients Arcus senilis = White arc or lipid deposits that appear as rings on the outer region of the cornea Ectropion = Condition where the eyelid turns out and does not touch the eye Signup and view all the answers

Describe assessment findings seen with older client’s eyes.

Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cataracts?

Regular exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered excessive alcohol consumption for women?

No more than seven drinks per week Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential cause of cataracts?

Previous eye injury or inflammation Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Excessive exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for cataracts.

True Signup and view all the answers

True or false: Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications is a risk factor for cataracts.

True Signup and view all the answers

Cataracts

clouding or frosty windows Signup and view all the answers

What is the number one cause of blindness?

cataracts Signup and view all the answers

Glaucoma is ______ vision loss

Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of Glaucomas ?

Signup and view all the answers

which Glaucoma is need of asap attention ?

AACG Signup and view all the answers

Patients comes in with patchy blind spots and then says now they are having tunneling vision?

POAG Signup and view all the answers

Patient states seeing halos arounds lights ?

AACG Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for Cataracts ?

Increasing age ❖ Family History ❖ Diabetes mellitus ❖ Excessive alcohol use ❖ Exposure to sunlight ❖ Exposure to ionizing radiation (X-rays/radiation therapy) High blood pressure ❖ Obesity ❖ Previous eye injury, inflammation, surgery ❖ Prolonged steroid use (ingested or topical) ❖ Cigarette smoking Signup and view all the answers

How to reduces Cataracts ?

Wear sunglasses that block UVB rays. ❖ Avoid smoking or quit smoking. ❖ Avoid excessive alcohol intake. ❖ Avoid eye injuries. ❖ Use eye protectant equipment if necessary. ❖ Seek medication treatment for prolonged or unusual eye inflammation or eye injury. ❖ Regular eye examination. ❖ Maintain healthy weight. Signup and view all the answers

what is the Second leading cause of blindness

Glaucoma Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for POAG

High eye pressure = increased intraocular pressure (IOP) ❖ Family history of glaucoma ❖ Age 40+ for African-Americans ❖ Age 60+ for general population ❖ Thin cornea ❖ Suspicious optic nerve appearance – “cupping Signup and view all the answers

Patient states : Patchy blind spots in peripheral or central vision ❖ Frequently bilateral ❖ Advanced stages: tunnel vision

POAG Signup and view all the answers

patient states :Severe headache ❖ Eye pain ❖ Nausea and vomiting ❖ Blurred vision ❖ Halos around lights ❖ Eye redness

AACG Signup and view all the answers

what is a way to reduces risk for glaucomas

Regular eye examination ❖ Treat elevated IOP ❖ Wear protective eye gear to avoid eye injury ❖ Diet/exercise to reduce risk of DM Signup and view all the answers

Cataracts are irreversible

False Signup and view all the answers

Blind Spots, Blurred or distorted vision patient stated , what is going on ?

Macular Degeneration Signup and view all the answers

what are the types of macular degeneration

Wet and dry ( more common ) Signup and view all the answers

What is the patient at risk for ❖ Increasing age ❖ Smoking ❖ Family history ❖ Female ❖ Obesity ❖ Caucasian, light eye color ❖ UV light ❖ Hypertension, Cardiovascular disease, Inactivity

Macular degeneration Signup and view all the answers

What test do we use to test Macular degeneration ?

Amsler grid Signup and view all the answers

what are ways to reduce AMD

❖ Maintain healthy weight and regular exercise. ❖ Maintain normal BP ❖ Wear sunglasses and hats outdoors ❖ Regular eye exams ❖ Amsler Grid Signup and view all the answers

match

<h1>Cataracts = Blurry vision, double vision in one eye  fading/yellowing of colors  Leading cause of blindness  Clouding of the lens of eye  Halos around lights  Pt may describe as looking through a frosty window Macular Degeneration = Age related Loss of central vision Deterioration of macula Wet and dry (more common) Screening Comp exam every 1-2 years for 65+ and people at risk Annual eye exam for 61+ Evaluation and counseling for all women 65 Glaucoma = Both eyes affected Damaged optic nerve, often caused by high intraocular pressure; vision loss irreversible Loss of peripheral vision Poor night vision POAG - patchy blind spots in peripheral or central vision; family history; African American 40+ AACG - East Asian and Inuit; headache, pain in eye, N/V, blurred vision, halos around lights, eye redness, needs immediate care Screening 40-54, ever 1-3 years 55-64, every 1-2 years 65+ every 6-12 months</h1> Signup and view all the answers

Chapter 16 : Eyes

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Questions and Answers

Match the following medical terms with their definitions:

Match the following medical terms with their associated conditions:

Ptosis is a condition characterized by ______.

Exophthalmos is a condition where the eyeballs ______ and the eyelids retract.

Entropion is a condition characterized by ______ of the lower lid.

Ectropion is a condition characterized by ______ of the lower lid.

Match the following eye conditions with their definitions:

Match the following terms with their corresponding eye conditions:

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

_______ - staph infection of eyelid

Conjunctivitis - inflammation of ________; AKA pink eye

Hordeolum - _______

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Match the following types of blind spots with their associated causes:

Match the following descriptions with their eye conditions:

Which of the following conditions is associated with blind spots surrounded by normal or slightly diminished peripheral vision?

Which of the following conditions requires immediate attention if reported?

Which of the following eye conditions is associated with increased intraocular pressure?

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with allergies or superficial irritation?

What is the possible cause of excessive watering or tearing in both eyes?

Match the following eye symptoms with their potential causes:

Match the following conditions with their descriptions:

Match the following pupil conditions with their definitions:

______ or rings around lights - narrow angle glaucoma

Eye itching or ______. Burning/itching - allergies or superficial irritation

______, stabbing, deep aching - foreign body in eye or changes in eye

Match the following visual acuity tests with their normal results:

Match the visual acuity conditions with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Which of the following visual acuity measurements is considered normal?

Which of the following conditions is associated with impaired far vision?

What visual acuity measurement is considered legally blind?

Snellen chart

whats considered legally blind?

Jaegar test :

patient should hold jaegar test ___ in away from eye ?

E-chart ?

How can we understand the E-chart ?

Eye exams

Patient is 45 and we want to test his visual activity and he wants to use the "newspaper " test

How will we test visual activity using jaegar test ?

A client completes a vision screening with the Sloan letter chart. The result is 20/30 vision. What does this result mean?

Is the following statement true or false? When testing near visual acuity, the client should be asked to remove his or her glasses.

Corneal Light Reflex Test (Hirschberg)

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their corresponding eye movements:

Match the following tests with their corresponding procedures:

Which of the following is a characteristic of strabismus?

What is the purpose of the cover test in extraocular muscle function testing?

What is the normal response in the uncovered eye during the cover test?

Which cranial nerve is responsible for eye movement in all six directions?

What is the term for the abnormal rapid, oscillation movements of the eyes?

What is the normal eye movement in extreme movements?

Match the cranial nerves with their associated eye movements:

Match the following descriptions with their conditions:

Match the following eye movements with their directions:

Cranial nerve VI is responsible for eye movement towards the door to leave.

Cranial nerve IV is responsible for double vision when looking towards the nose.

Nystagmus is a normal eye movement during extreme movements.

What do we use to test Eye

Which of the following is a symptom of extraocular muscle dysfunction?

What are the two main abnormalities associated with the six cardinal fields of gaze?

What is paralytic strabismus?

Cover - uncover test is used to test ?

Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps for performing the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

What is the expected reaction of the pupils during the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

What is the purpose of having the client focus on a distant object during the Pupillary Reaction to Light test?

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Match the following terms with their associated eye issues in older adults:

Match the following eye conditions with their descriptions:

Describe assessment findings seen with older client’s eyes.

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for cataracts?

Which of the following is considered excessive alcohol consumption for women?

Which of the following is a potential cause of cataracts?

True or false: Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness.

True or false: Excessive exposure to sunlight is a risk factor for cataracts.

True or false: Prolonged use of corticosteroid medications is a risk factor for cataracts.