Extracellular Matrix Proteins and Glycoconjugates in Cartilage ECM

Heparan sulfate can only interact with proteins that are growth factors.

Heparin is primarily produced by blood cells and assists in enhancing blood coagulation.

Glycoconjugates play roles as fuel stores, structural materials, and information carriers in cells.

Proteoglycans are exclusively located in the cell surface and not in the extracellular matrix (ECM).

Proteoglycans are mainly involved in cell proliferation and adhesion but not in cell-cell recognition.

Proteoglycan aggregates consist of multiple core proteins attached to a single molecule of heparan sulfate.

Proteoglycans are integral membrane proteins that interact with extracellular matrix components.

Aggrecan core proteins are linked to chains of chondroitin sulfate and heparan sulfate in the ECM.

Glycoproteins can be found in plasma membrane, ECM, blood groups, and within the cell in various organelles.

Most glycoproteins undergo only O-glycosylation processes during post-translational modification.

Glycolipids in plasma membranes can include glycoglycerolipids and gangliosides with a ceramide backbone structure.

Neurons are not particularly rich in glycosphingolipids, which do not play a role in nerve conduction or myelin formation.

Proteoglycans are composed of proteins bound to oligosaccharides.

Hemoglobin and myoglobin have identical functions in oxygen binding and transport.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by raising the activation energy needed for the reaction to occur.

Isoenzymes are enzymes that catalyze the same reaction but have different amino acid sequences.

Cofactors are organic molecules required for enzyme activity, while coenzymes are typically inorganic ions.

Proteins can act as receptors, transporters, and participate in signal-transduction pathways within cell membranes.