Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the main function of the extracellular matrix?

  • Promotes neurotransmitter release
  • Provides structure and support, holds cells and tissues together (correct)
  • Facilitates cell division and proliferation
  • Regulates gene expression within cells

    • Which proteins are considered major components of the extracellular matrix?

  • Actin, myosin, troponin
  • Albumin, globulin, fibrinogen
  • Collagens, elastin, laminin (correct)
  • Keratin, fibronectin, integrin

    • What are the effects of defects in the production of ECM proteins?

  • Scurvy, OI, JEB (correct)
  • Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's
  • Diabetes, hypertension, obesity
  • Asthma, bronchitis, emphysema

    • What are MMPs and TIMPs in the context of ECM?

    <p>MMPs are enzymes that degrade ECM components, while TIMPs regulate MMP activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hydration in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Hydration is important for density and deformability of the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Promotes movement of materials within the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is NOT a major component of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Keratin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the special form of ECM that is mentioned in the text?

    <p>Basal lamina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of defects in the production of ECM proteins such as scurvy, OI, and JEB?

    <p>Weakening of connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans primarily responsible for in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Maintaining hydration and resilience</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for converting glucuronic acid to iduronic acid in glycosaminoglycans?

    <p>Epimerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Migration and remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the extracellular matrix attaches matrix proteins to integrins on cells?

    <p>Fibronectin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of sulfate added to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs)?

    <p>PAPS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Can exist separately</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is responsible for linking the cytoskeleton to the matrix in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can lead to diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS) in the context of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Defects in integrins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Side chains on proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary regulators of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does matrix degradation primarily occur in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Endocytosis and lysosomal hydrolases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Linked to serine or threonine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of defects in integrins in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Can lead to diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is abundant in elastic fibers and allows blood vessels to deform and lungs to expand and contract without using energy?

    <p>Elastin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lysyl oxidase in the context of collagen?

    <p>Crosslinking helices into larger structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vitamin is essential for the stability of collagen and tissues where it is important?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a defect in laminin 5 or 6 in the context of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Junctional epidermolysis bullosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major function of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Degradation of extracellular matrix components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of collagen IV in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Meshwork formation in basement membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the alternating hydrophobic and hydrophilic domains in elastin responsible for?

    <p>Stretch-induced reorganization of water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Maintenance of matrix hydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of collagen Type IV in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Mesh-like</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of a defect in collagen synthesis that leads to blue sclera?

    <p>Osteogenesis Imperfecta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of basal lamina in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Cell attachment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant protein in basal laminae after Type IV Collagen in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Laminin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most abundant protein in basal laminae after Type IV Collagen in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Laminin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of lysyl oxidase in the context of collagen?

    <p>Catalyzing crosslinking reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Maintaining hydration and deformability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing structure and support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Degrading extracellular matrix components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the effects of defects in the production of ECM proteins?

    <p>Specific or general problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hydration in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>It is important for density and deformability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Maintaining hydration and structural integrity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of collagen IV in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Forming a mesh in basement membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Regulating hydration and ion balance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of sulfate added to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Sulfotransferases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of basal lamina in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing a barrier to microorganisms and large molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Acting as side chains on proteoglycans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of hyaluronic acid in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Existing separately and being a major component of the ECM</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of collagen IV in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of hydration in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Binding positive ions and hydrogen bonds to water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fibronectin in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Connecting cells to the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of proteoglycans in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Linking to serine or threonine and forming a matrix with a high percentage of carbohydrates by weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does matrix degradation primarily occur in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Through endocytosis and lysosomal hydrolases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Preventing excessive matrix remodeling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of basal lamina in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Providing structural support</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of lysyl oxidase in the context of collagen?

    <p>Forming cross-links in collagen fibrils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of elastin in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Exhibiting elastic properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of laminin in the extracellular matrix?

    <p>Connecting cells to the matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Extracellular Matrix and Connective Tissue Summary

    • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are composed of repeating disaccharide units, with one acid form and one with nitrogen and acetyl and/or sulfate.
    • Sulfate is added from PAPS, and iduronic acid is made from glucuronic acid by an epimerase.
    • GAGs are generally side chains on proteoglycans, and hyaluronic acid can exist separately.
    • Proteoglycans are linked to serine or threonine, with a linker of xylose and galactose to start the repeat unit added to the linker.
    • Matrix degradation occurs through endocytosis and lysosomal hydrolases, with chemical degradation possible due to glycation, reactive oxygen species, or other chemicals or enzymes.
    • Defects in integrins, transmembrane proteins that connect to the matrix and cytoskeleton, can lead to diseases such as mucopolysaccharidoses (MPS).
    • Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) containing zinc are important for migration and remodeling, and their activity is regulated by tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).
    • The extracellular matrix (ECM) has various components, including collagen fibrils, elastin, and laminin, each with specific functions and properties.
    • GAGs are important in the function of the ECM, and their failure in degradation can lead to MPS.
    • Fibronectin attaches matrix proteins to integrins on cells, and integrins link the cytoskeleton to the matrix.
    • The movement of tumor cells requires the activity of matrix metalloproteinases, and fibronectin has a major function in coordinating collagen deposition within the extracellular matrix.
    • Assessment questions cover topics such as scurvy, cartilage cushioning, elastin properties, tumor cell movement, and fibronectin functions in malignant fibroblast cells.

    Extracellular Matrix (ECM) Components and Functions Summary

    • Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are composed of repeating disaccharide units, with sulfate added from PAPS and iduronic acid made from glucuronic acid by an epimerase.
    • GAGs are side chains on proteoglycans, with hyaluronic acid existing separately and being a major component of the ECM.
    • Proteoglycans are linked to serine or threonine, with many glycosyl chains added to the protein core, forming a matrix with a high percentage of carbohydrates by weight.
    • The ECM serves as a filter, with negative charges binding positive ions and hydrogen bonds to water, creating a hydrated gel that limits the movement of larger molecules and cells.
    • Proteoglycans bind to fibronectin, which in turn binds to integrins in cell membranes and collagen fibrils, thereby connecting cells to the matrix.
    • In cartilage, the high number of negative charges attracts cations, creating high osmotic pressure and a network under tension, which can be compressed and regain shape after pressure is released.
    • ECM components are both synthesized and degraded, with intercellular matrix being more organized and having a longer half-life for molecules compared to the near-cell matrix.
    • Matrix degradation occurs through endocytosis, with lysosomal hydrolases breaking down components into sugars and amino acids, and chemical degradation can be caused by glycation, reactive oxygen species, or other chemicals.
    • Defects in integrins, transmembrane proteins linking the matrix to the cytoskeleton, can lead to diseases, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) are important in the remodeling of the matrix and preventing excessive remodeling.
    • The ECM comprises collagen fibrils, elastin, and laminin, each with its own unique role in the matrix, with GAGs being crucial in the function of proteoglycans.
    • Assessment questions cover topics such as the synthesis of defective collagen molecules in scurvy, alterations affecting cartilage cushioning, the mechanism allowing elastin to exhibit elastic properties, proteins involved in tumor cell movement, and the major function of fibronectin.
    • Understanding the ECM's components and functions is crucial for comprehending the structural and functional properties of various tissues and organs in the human body.

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    ILA-ECM_LeClaire_2023_Lawrence LeClaire.pptx

    Description

    Test your knowledge of the extracellular matrix (ECM) with this quiz. Explore the functions and structure of major ECM proteins such as collagens, elastin, and laminin. Learn about the production of collagen and the effects of defects in ECM protein production, including scurvy, OI, and JEB. Delve into the world of glycosaminoglycans and more.

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