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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of energy that drives weathering?
What is the process that breaks down rock into sediments on-site called?
What is the term for the process where natural cracks are formed in a rock, breaking it into rectangular blocks or irregular chunks?
Which process involves water inside the rock experiencing regular freezing and thawing?
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What is the process where plants growing on the rock's surface pry it open called?
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When salt crystallizes and weakens the rock, causing it to disintegrate when exposed to wind or rain, what type of weathering is this?
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What is the process of separation and removal of weathered and unweathered rocks and soil from its substrate?
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Which process involves reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rock, forming oxides?
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What causes the surface to break-off into sheets when it cools?
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What involves the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to gravity?
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Which type of erosion commonly occurs in flat, bare areas or dry, sandy and loose soils?
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What is the forward rotation out of the slope of a soil or rock mass called?
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What involves processes by which sediments are moved along from the source to where they are deposited?
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What causes water to be absorbed into the crystal structure of the mineral, causing it to expand?
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When fungi and lichens secrete organic acids, what type of weathering is occurring?
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What occurs when materials are saturated and move downslope as a viscous fluid?
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What type of weathering occurs when a rock is exposed to high temperature, causing its outer layer to expand?
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Which type of weathering involves the reaction of oxygen with minerals in the rock, forming oxides?
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What process occurs when salt crystallizes, pushing apart the surrounding grains and weakening the rock, causing it to disintegrate when exposed to wind or rain?
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Which process involves plants growing on the rock's surface prying it open?
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What type of weathering occurs when water inside the rock experiences regular freezing and thawing, causing the pieces of rock to detach?
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Which weathering process involves an on-site breakdown of rock into sediments?
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What process involves the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice due to gravity?
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Which type of weathering occurs when salt crystallizes, pushing apart the surrounding grains and weakening the rock, causing it to disintegrate when exposed to wind or rain?
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What type of erosion commonly occurs in flat, bare areas or dry, sandy and loose soils?
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What causes the surface to break-off into sheets when it cools?
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Which type of weathering involves an on-site breakdown of rock into sediments?
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What process occurs when salt crystallizes and weakens the rock, causing it to disintegrate when exposed to wind or rain?
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Which process involves plants growing on the rock's surface prying it open?
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What is the forward rotation out of the slope of a soil or rock mass called?
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Which type of erosion involves rivers starting as small individual streams called tributaries?
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What involves processes by which sediments are moved along from the source to where they are deposited?
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Study Notes
Energy and Weathering Processes
- Solar energy is the primary source driving weathering processes.
- Weathering that breaks down rock into sediments on-site is known as in-situ weathering.
Mechanical Weathering Processes
- Natural crack formation in rocks leading to fragmentation is termed mechanical disintegration.
- Water trapped in rocks undergoes a freeze-thaw cycle, causing expansion and contraction, known as frost weathering.
- Plant growth on rock surfaces, which aids in prying the rock apart, is classified as biological weathering.
Chemical Weathering Processes
- When salt crystallizes within rock pores, causing disintegration due to exposure to wind or rain, this is referred to as saline weathering.
- Oxidation occurs when oxygen reacts with minerals in rocks, leading to the formation of oxides.
Erosion and Rock Movement
- The breakup of rock surfaces in sheets during cooling is known as exfoliation.
- Mass wasting involves the downslope movement of rock, soil, and ice propelled by gravity.
- Aeolian erosion is common in flat, bare areas with dry, sandy, and loose soils.
Rock and Sediment Transportation
- The forward rotation out of the slope of a soil or rock mass is termed rotational landslide.
- Sediment transport refers to processes that move sediments along from the source to their eventual deposition.
Weather Effects on Minerals
- When water is absorbed into a mineral's crystal structure, it causes hydration and expansion, affecting the rock's integrity.
- Chemical weathering occurs when fungi and lichens secrete organic acids, breaking down the rock.
Fluid Movements and Weathering
- Debris flow occurs when materials become saturated and move downslope as a viscous fluid.
- High temperature exposure causes rocks to undergo thermal expansion, which can lead to breakdown.
Overlapping Definitions
- Salt weathering occurs when crystallized salt pushes apart surrounding mineral grains, weakening the rock.
- Biological weathering involves plants growing on rock and prying it apart.
- Frost weathering is characterized by regular freeze-thaw cycles, breaking off pieces of rock.
Erosion Types and Characteristics
- For river erosion, smaller streams converge as tributaries, leading to larger water bodies.
- Erosion in dry, sandy, and loose soil areas exemplifies the aeolian process.
Summary of Weathering and Erosion
- In-situ and mechanical breakdown of rocks are fundamental to weathering.
- Chemical reactions and erosion shape landscapes and contribute to sediment transport dynamics.
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Description
This quiz covers exogenic processes such as weathering and erosion, which are important geological phenomena that shape the Earth's surface. The quiz explores the breakdown of rocks, transformation into sediments, and the influence of the Sun's energy on weather patterns.
