Questions and Answers
What is the conditioned stimulus (CS) in the classical conditioning example of flushing a toilet?
What type of conditioning is demonstrated when a father gives a credit card as a reward for good grades?
Operant Conditioning
What is the type of reinforcement for buckling the seatbelt to avoid the annoying light in the car?
Negative reinforcement
What is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) in the example of developing a dislike for a new food after becoming sick?
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In the classical conditioning example of drug injections, what is the conditioned response (CR) when in the small room?
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What kind of reinforcement is involved in the example of a lion learning tricks in a circus?
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What is the type of reinforcement when students are exempted from a final exam for perfect attendance?
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What is the type of punishment when parents take away a toy after a fight between siblings?
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What type of reinforcement occurs when cold hands lead to putting on gloves?
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In John Watson's experiment, what is the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) paired with the white rat?
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Study Notes
Classical Conditioning
- Involves learning through association between a neutral stimulus and an unconditional stimulus.
- Example: Toilet flushing (CS) leads to jumping back (CR) due to expectation of hot water (UCS) after experiencing the hot water (UCR).
- New food causing sickness can lead to a learned dislike: food (CS) results in nausea (CR) after being associated with illness from the flu (UCS).
Notable Experiments
- John Watson's "Little Albert" experiment demonstrated classical conditioning by associating a white rat (CS) with a loud sound (UCS), leading to fear (CR) of the rat.
Operant Conditioning
- Involves learning through consequences of behavior, including reinforcement and punishment.
- Positive reinforcement encourages behavior by providing a rewarding stimulus; for example, receiving a credit card for good grades encourages improved academic performance.
- Negative reinforcement involves removing an unpleasant stimulus to increase a behavior; for instance, not buckling a seatbelt results in an annoying light, leading most individuals to buckle up in the future.
- Example of negative punishment: Taking away a toy or game when siblings argue reduces fighting behavior.
Behavioral Examples
- A lion learns to perform tricks for a food reward, showcasing positive reinforcement.
- Perfect attendance leading to no final exam demonstrates negative reinforcement by encouraging students to attend class.
- Cold hands prompt putting on gloves, reinforcing the action through removing discomfort.
Key Terms
- CS: Conditioned Stimulus
- CR: Conditioned Response
- UCS: Unconditioned Stimulus
- UCR: Unconditioned Response
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Description
This quiz provides flashcard examples of classical and operant conditioning, illustrating key concepts in behavioral psychology. Dive into the details of how stimuli are associated with responses, enhancing your understanding of these fundamental theories.
