Psychology: Classical and Operant Conditioning

Questions and Answers

What is classical conditioning?

Learning from observation

Learning through association (correct)

Learning through repetition

Learning through rewards and punishments

What causes someone to jump back when hearing a toilet flush in classical conditioning?

Hot shower

What is an example of positive reinforcement?

Taking away privileges for bad grades

Removing a chore after good behavior

Punishing for misbehavior

Giving a credit card for good grades (correct)

What happens in operant conditioning when a student maintains perfect attendance?

They get exempted from the final exam. Signup and view all the answers

In classical conditioning, the conditioned stimulus is the same as the unconditioned stimulus.

False Signup and view all the answers

What does a lion learn to do in operant conditioning at the circus?

Stand up on a chair and jump through a hoop. Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when an individual hears a sound of brakes after a bad accident?

They cringe and sweat Signup and view all the answers

What is the unconditioned response when eating bread?

Mouth watering Signup and view all the answers

What is positive punishment?

A flashing light in a car for not wearing a seatbelt Signup and view all the answers

How do rewards impact students in a weight management class?

Participants earn points for healthy meals and exercise. Signup and view all the answers

What does a cat learn when the sound of a clicker is paired with getting squirted with water?

To associate the sound with being startled Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a student cringing at the sight of a rat?

Startled response Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Classical Conditioning

Involves learning through association between stimuli.
Example: Hot shower (UCS) causes jumping back (UCR), leading to associating toilet flush (CS) with jumping back (CR) before hot water arrives.
Example: Flu illness (UCS) leads to nausea (UCR) from new food (CS), resulting in nausea at the smell of that food (CR).
Example: Frequent injections (UCS) trigger increased heart rate (UCR) in a small room (CS), causing increased heart rate simply by being in the room (CR).
Example: Bad accident (UCS) leads to cringing (UCR) at the sound of brakes (CS), resulting in sweating and cringing at the sound (CR).
Example: Smell of bread (CS) triggers mouth watering (CR) after eating bread (UCS).
Example: Loud noise (UCS) causes startle response (UCR) at the sight of a rat (CS), resulting in being startled at the rat (CR) in Watson's experiment with Albert.

Operant Conditioning

Learning based on consequences of behavior, using reinforcement and punishment.
Positive reinforcement: Receiving rewards or benefits after a desired behavior increases likelihood of repetition.
- Example: A father gives a credit card for good grades, motivating continued academic improvement.
- Example: Circus lion learns tricks for food treats.
- Example: Finding a quarter in a pay telephone leads to checking more phones.
- Example: Professor praises nearly correct answers to encourage participation.
- Example: Weight management participants earn points for healthy behavior, leading to refunds.
- Example: A child receives a preferred activity choice for a week of no arguing.
Positive punishment: Introducing an aversive stimulus to reduce unwanted behavior.
- Example: Annoying car light for not buckling seatbelt increases compliance.
Negative reinforcement: Removing an aversive condition when a desired behavior occurs, which increases that behavior.
- Example: Perfect attendance leads to final exam exemption.
- Example: Wearing gloves to relieve cold encourages future use.

Description

Explore the concepts of classical and operant conditioning in psychology. This quiz includes flashcards that illustrate key terms and definitions. Test your understanding of how these learning theories influence behavior.