Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
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What is the role of the nucleolus in the ribosome assembly process?
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What is the pH of lysosomes?
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Which of these is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
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What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA?
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What type of proteins are synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
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What is the main function of peroxisomes?
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Study Notes
Eukaryotic Cell Components
- Cell Membrane: surrounds the cell
- Ribosomes: composed of Large (60S) and Small (40S) subunits, includes rRNA to stabilize structure, produced and assembled in the nucleolus, function: protein synthesis
- Nucleus: site of ribosome production and assembly
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes, packs, and processes various molecules, has two interchangeable forms: Rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
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Rough ER (RER): involved in protein synthesis, sequestered from the cytoplasm, responsible for:
- Secretory proteins
- Integral membrane proteins
- Lysosomal enzymes
- Core glycosylation
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Smooth ER (SER): participates in:
- Lipid metabolism
- Steroid hormone synthesis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
- Functions:
- Polysaccharide synthesis
- Modifying secretory products
- Sorting secretory products
- Packaging secretory products
- Concentrating and storing secretory products
Vesicles and Lysosomes
- Vesicles: destined for exocytosis, abundant in specialized secretory cells
- Lysosomes: has pH of 5, contains hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for degradation of material
- Peroxisomes: participate in hydrogen peroxide metabolism and fatty acid oxidation
Mitochondria
- The power-house of the cell: synthesizes its own DNA and some proteins, grows and reproduces, can move rapidly and change shape
- Structure: prokaryote relic, has own DNA (mtDNA) - maternally inherited, outer membrane is permeable to molecules
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Description
Explore the components and functions of a eukaryotic cell, including the cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, and organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. Learn about protein synthesis, polysaccharide synthesis, and more.
