Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of these is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which of these is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
Which type of endoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the function of lysosomes in a cell?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
What is the primary function of ribosomes?
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What is the role of the nucleolus in the ribosome assembly process?
What is the role of the nucleolus in the ribosome assembly process?
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What is the pH of lysosomes?
What is the pH of lysosomes?
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Which of these is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
Which of these is NOT a characteristic of mitochondria?
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What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA?
What is the significance of mitochondria having their own DNA?
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What type of proteins are synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
What type of proteins are synthesized by the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
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What is the main function of peroxisomes?
What is the main function of peroxisomes?
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Study Notes
Eukaryotic Cell Components
- Cell Membrane: surrounds the cell
- Ribosomes: composed of Large (60S) and Small (40S) subunits, includes rRNA to stabilize structure, produced and assembled in the nucleolus, function: protein synthesis
- Nucleus: site of ribosome production and assembly
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): synthesizes, packs, and processes various molecules, has two interchangeable forms: Rough ER (RER) and Smooth ER (SER)
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
-
Rough ER (RER): involved in protein synthesis, sequestered from the cytoplasm, responsible for:
- Secretory proteins
- Integral membrane proteins
- Lysosomal enzymes
- Core glycosylation
-
Smooth ER (SER): participates in:
- Lipid metabolism
- Steroid hormone synthesis
- Gluconeogenesis
- Detoxification
Golgi Apparatus
- Functions:
- Polysaccharide synthesis
- Modifying secretory products
- Sorting secretory products
- Packaging secretory products
- Concentrating and storing secretory products
Vesicles and Lysosomes
- Vesicles: destined for exocytosis, abundant in specialized secretory cells
- Lysosomes: has pH of 5, contains hydrolytic enzymes, responsible for degradation of material
- Peroxisomes: participate in hydrogen peroxide metabolism and fatty acid oxidation
Mitochondria
- The power-house of the cell: synthesizes its own DNA and some proteins, grows and reproduces, can move rapidly and change shape
- Structure: prokaryote relic, has own DNA (mtDNA) - maternally inherited, outer membrane is permeable to molecules
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Description
Explore the components and functions of a eukaryotic cell, including the cell membrane, ribosomes, nucleus, and organelles such as the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and mitochondria. Learn about protein synthesis, polysaccharide synthesis, and more.
