Anatomy LE 2: Blood and Myeloid

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What is the shape of normal erythrocytes?

Biconvex

Elliptical

Biconcave (correct)

Spherical

What is the benefit of the biconcave shape of erythrocytes?

Increased cell membrane flexibility

Reduced hemoglobin content

Maximally efficient CO2 transport

Maximally efficient O2 transport (correct)

What is the purpose of rouleaux in small vessels?

To aid in red blood cell stacking (correct)

To facilitate O2 transport

To increase blood pressure

To reduce blood viscosity

What is the approximate diameter of the vessel shown in the micrograph?

15 mm Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the erythrocyte cell membrane?

To maintain cell shape and integrity Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate percentage of lipid in the erythrocyte cell membrane?

40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the spectrin protein in the erythrocyte cell membrane?

To impart elastic properties to the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What determines the 4 primary blood types?

A, B, or O antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of the A, B, or O antigens in erythrocytes?

On the surface of the cell membrane Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic feature of eosinophil nuclei?

Bilobed Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the specific granules in eosinophils?

Intensely pink or orange Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of azurophilic granules in eosinophils?

Heparin Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Eosinophil Derived Neurotoxin (EDN)?

Causes nervous system dysfunction in parasitic organisms Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histamine in basophils?

Vasoactive agent that causes dilatation of small blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of IL-4 and IL-13 in basophils?

Promotes synthesis of IgE antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of arylsulfatase in eosinophils?

Neutralizes leukotrienes secreted by basophils and mast cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of collagenase in eosinophils?

Breaks down collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of histaminase in eosinophils?

Neutralizes the activity of histamine Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of hematopoietic cells has the greatest mitotic activity?

Precursor cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical morphological characteristic of mature cells?

Typical morphological characteristics are now seen Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of precursor cells?

Performing differentiated functional activity Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus of a proerythroblast?

Light and dark chromatin pattern with nucleoli Signup and view all the answers

What is the color of the cytoplasm of a basophilic erythroblast?

Deeper blue or intensely basophilic Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus of a basophilic erythroblast?

Has lost its nucleoli, but retains its dark and light pattern Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of stem cells to precursor cells?

Cannot perform the function that is required of them Signup and view all the answers

What is the first recognizable cell in the series of erythropoiesis?

Proerythroblast Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage that comes after the basophilic erythroblast?

Polychromatophilic erythroblast Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus in an eosinophilic myelocyte?

It is ovoid in shape without a nucleolus Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the granules in an eosinophilic myelocyte?

They are refractile and pink Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the storage or reserve compartment?

To release mature neutrophils as needed Signup and view all the answers

What is the largest compartment in the bone marrow?

Granulopoietic compartment Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of the nucleus in an eosinophilic metamyelocyte?

It is ovoid with an indentation Signup and view all the answers

Where are mature neutrophils stored before being released into circulation?

Storage compartment Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the granulopoietic compartment?

To produce immature granulocytes Signup and view all the answers

Where are neutrophils found in the marginating compartment?

In the venules and small veins Signup and view all the answers

What is the circulating compartment composed of?

Neutrophils in the blood vessels and heart Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of platelet maturation?

Thrombopoiesis Signup and view all the answers

Which organelle is characteristic of the megakaryoblast?

Granules Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of endomitosis in the megakaryoblast?

Increase in chromatin material with no cell division Signup and view all the answers

What is the shape of the nucleus in the megakaryoblast?

Ovoid or with very shallow indentations Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neutrophils in the body?

To respond to injury, infection, or insult Signup and view all the answers