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Questions and Answers
What is the approximate diameter of a red blood cell?
What is the average lifespan of red blood cells?
What is the primary function of hemoglobin within red blood cells?
What is the normal range of red blood cell counts per cubic millimeter for females?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the physical characteristics of red blood cells?
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What role do monocytes play in the immune system?
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Which condition is NOT associated with eosinophils?
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What triggers white blood cells to multiply during an infection?
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Which substance is associated with the treatment for multiple conditions such as stress and certain leukemias?
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Basophils are primarily involved in which type of response?
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Which phase involves platelets sticking to damaged blood vessels?
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What is one of the main functions of the mass formed during platelet plug formation?
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Which of the following conditions can result from drug toxicity?
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What is the normal platelet count in cubic mm of blood?
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What is the primary role of platelets in the coagulation cascade?
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Which chamber of the heart receives unoxygenated blood from the upper extremities?
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What do veins primarily carry in the circulatory system?
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Which structure of the heart serves as the pumping chamber?
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What does a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test screen for?
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What is platelet aggregation?
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What is the function of the inferior vena cava?
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What is the primary function of white blood cells?
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Leukemia is characterized by what type of white blood cell?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of low white blood cell count?
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What is the first step in hemostasis?
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In terms of wound response, neutrophils are primarily responsible for:
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What chemical response helps blood vessels constrict after an injury?
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A high count of which type of white blood cells typically indicates a bacterial infection?
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Which of the following conditions is associated with prolonged viral infections?
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What blood type is considered the universal donor?
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Which blood type can receive blood from all other types?
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What is the function of the tricuspid valve?
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What type of antibodies are found in the plasma of individuals with blood type A?
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Which blood types are compatible for a person with blood type A?
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What connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery?
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Which of the following statements about blood antigen and antibody is true?
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What role does the pulmonary artery play in the circulatory system?
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Study Notes
Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes)
- Size: Approximately 7.5 micrometers in diameter; denser and thicker than water.
- Shape: Biconcave discs enhance surface area for oxygen binding; feature depressed centers.
- Normal count:
- Males: 5-5.5 million cells/cubic mm
- Females: 4-4.5 million cells/cubic mm
- Total blood volume:
- Males: 5-6 liters (1.5 gallons)
- Females: 4-5 liters (1.2 gallons)
- Life span: Around 120 days.
- Hemoglobin: Key protein for oxygen transport.
- Venipuncture: Blood collection through veins; phlebotomy refers to drawing blood for testing.
White Blood Cells (Leukocytes)
- Function: Colorless cells without hemoglobin, vital for fighting infection and inflammation.
- Normal functioning depends on adequate vitamin K, clotting factors, and platelets.
White Blood Cell Disorders
- Leukemia: A disorder characterized by the presence of immature WBCs that do not mature.
Types of White Blood Cells
- Neutrophils: First responders to bacterial infections; can form pus.
- Lymphocytes: Essential for adaptive immunity; respond to viral infections.
- Monocytes: Develop into macrophages for cleaning up microbes.
- Eosinophils: Target allergic reactions and parasitic infections.
- Basophils: Involved in allergic responses and immunity against parasites.
Hemostasis (Blood Clotting)
- Process that stops excessive bleeding through several mechanisms:
- Vascular Spasm: Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow; immediate response due to smooth muscle contraction.
- Platelet Plug Formation: Platelets adhere to damaged site and aggregate.
- Coagulation Cascade: Leads to the formation of fibrin, which stabilizes the platelet plug.
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
- Normal count: 200,000 to 400,000 cells/cubic mm of blood.
- Function: Essential for blood clotting; form fibrin and help in coagulation processes.
Heart Anatomy and Blood Circulation
- Atrium: Receiving chambers for blood.
- Ventricles: Pump blood out of the heart.
- Arteries: Carry oxygenated blood (except for pulmonary artery).
- Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood (except for pulmonary vein).
Right Side of Heart and Pulmonic Circulation
- Inferior Vena Cava: Collects deoxygenated blood from lower body.
- Superior Vena Cava: Receives deoxygenated blood from upper body.
- Right Atrium: Receives deoxygenated blood from both vena cavas.
- Right Ventricle: Pumps blood to the pulmonary artery to reach the lungs for oxygenation.
- Pulmonary Valve: Prevents backflow of blood into the right ventricle.
Blood Typing and Transfusion
- Blood Types: A, B, AB, O classified based on antigens present on RBCs.
- Type AB: Universal recipient (can receive from all types).
- Type O: Universal donor (can donate to all types).
- Complete Blood Count (CBC): A test used to assess anemia and infections.
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Description
This quiz covers the physical characteristics of red blood cells, also known as erythrocytes. Key features discussed include their size, density, shape, and normal counts. Test your knowledge about these essential components of blood and their roles in oxygen transport.