41 Questions
What type of enzyme is hexokinase?
Transferase
What is the reaction catalyzed by hexokinase?
Glucose + ATP → Glucose 6-phosphate + ADP
What is the product formed when glucose reacts with ATP in the presence of hexokinase?
Glucose 6-phosphate and ADP
What is the function of kinases in metabolism?
To regulate metabolism by transferring phosphate groups
What is the type of reaction catalyzed by thiolase?
Cleavage of a chemical bond
What is the last step in the beta oxidation of fatty acids?
Cleavage of beta ketoacyl CoA
What type of enzyme is pyrophosphatase?
Hydrolase
Which phosphate group of ATP is transferred by either hexokinase or glucokinase?
Any of the above
What is the type of inhibition that occurs when the inhibitor binds to the active site of the enzyme?
Competitive
What is the term for the process by which an enzyme is converted to its active form?
Zymogen activation
What is the term for the molecules that assist enzymes in their catalytic activity?
Coenzymes
What is the term for the plot used to analyze the kinetics of enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Lineweaver-Burk plot
What is the term for the process by which an enzyme's activity is regulated through the binding of a molecule to a site other than the active site?
Allosteric modification
What is the term for the molecules that are required for the activity of certain enzymes?
Metal ions
What is the term for the specific binding of an enzyme to its substrate?
Enzyme specificity
What is the term for the energy required for an enzyme-catalyzed reaction to occur?
Activation energy
What is the function of the active site on an enzyme?
To catalyze a chemical reaction
Which of the following is NOT a type of functional group found on the surface of the active site?
Lipids
What is the term for a molecule that binds to an enzyme and enhances its activity?
Allosteric modifier
What is the rate-limiting enzyme in the De Novo Synthesis of Fatty Acids?
Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
What is the function of HMG CoA Reductase?
To catalyze the reduction of HMG CoA into Mevalonate
What is the effect of insulin on HMG CoA Reductase activity?
It increases the activity
What is the effect of statins on HMG CoA Reductase activity?
It decreases the activity
What is the term for a molecule that binds to an allosteric site on an enzyme and affects its activity?
Allosteric modifier
What is the function of acetylcholinesterase?
Hydrolysis of acetylcholine to choline and acetate
What is the ring structure of penicillin?
Four-membered beta-lactam ring fused to a five-membered thiazolidine ring
What is the target of penicillin in bacteria?
Glycopeptide transpeptidase
What is the result of penicillin binding to glycopeptide transpeptidase?
Impaired bacterial cell wall synthesis
What is the type of inhibition exhibited by penicillin?
Suicide inhibition
What is the basis for the antibacterial activity of penicillins?
Cell-wall synthesis inhibition leading to cell content leakage
What is the name of the enzyme described in the text as responsible for the synthesis of bacterial cell wall?
Glycopeptide transpeptidase
What is the term used to describe penicillin's structural similarity to the transition state?
Transition-state analog
What is the role of cofactors in enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
To increase the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions and keep the enzyme in its active form
What happens to the reaction velocity when substrate concentration increases?
It increases until the maximal velocity is reached
Why does the reaction velocity decrease after reaching the maximal velocity?
Because the substrate molecules are competing for active sites on the enzyme surfaces
What is the significance of enzyme levels in clinical diagnosis?
They are used to diagnose diseases of specific tissues
What happens to enzyme levels during cell necrosis due to disease or trauma?
They increase
Which of the following tissues can be diagnosed using enzyme levels?
Heart, liver, skeletal muscles, and other tissues
What is the primary function of enzymes in clinical diagnosis?
To diagnose diseases of specific tissues
Why are enzymes released into the blood during normal cell turnover?
Because they are part of the normal cell turnover process
What is the relationship between substrate concentration and enzyme activity?
Substrate concentration increases enzyme activity up to a point
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