18 Questions
What is the name of the serine-threonine-specific protein kinase that is a key participant in the PI3K/Akt pathway?
mTOR
Which enzyme, when activated, phosphorylates several target proteins to regulate gene expression, cell survival, and translational processes?
PI3K
What antibiotic is mTOR named after?
Rapamycin
Which inhibitor is being tested in various tumors and acts on mTOR to inhibit protein synthesis initiation?
Rapamycin
What is the main mediator that reshapes the cytoskeleton through rearrangement by the Ral GTP complex?
Ral
What pathway has an enhanced function detectable in about half of human tumors, underlining its medical significance?
PI3K pathway
What is the initial substrate for the inositol phospholipid pathway?
Phosphatidylinositol bisphosphate (PIP2)
Which enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of PIP2 in the inositol phospholipid pathway?
Phospholipase C
What is the role of the Gq protein in the inositol phospholipid pathway?
It mediates the effect of the ligand-stimulated receptor on PLC-β isoenzymes
What are the two secondary messengers produced by the hydrolysis of PIP2?
Inositol trisphosphate (IP3) and diacylglycerol (DAG)
What is the role of inositol trisphosphate (IP3) in the inositol phospholipid pathway?
It opens Ca^{2+} channels in the endoplasmic reticulum membrane
Which signaling pathway is not directly related to the inositol phospholipid pathway?
cAMP-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) pathway
Which of the following statements about the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway is correct?
PI3K has a form that is activated via the Ras protein.
Which enzyme is responsible for the inactivation of PIP3 molecules in the PI3K pathway?
PTEN (phosphatase and tensin)
Which of the following proteins is a major enzyme in the PI3K pathway?
Protein kinase B (PKB)
Which of the following statements about the Akt protein is correct?
Akt is a homologue of PKB and is an oncoprotein of tumor-causing RNA viruses.
Which of the following pathways is directly involved in the PI3K pathway?
Inositol phospholipid pathway
Which of the following statements about the PI3K pathway is correct?
Phosphorylated lipid molecules like PIP3 attract specific signaling proteins from the cytosol.
Test your knowledge on the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which involves the phosphorylation of inositol phospholipids in the cell membrane. Learn about the role of PI3K in cell signaling and its association with growth factor receptors.
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