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Questions and Answers
What is a primary driver behind the increase in solid waste generation?
What is a primary driver behind the increase in solid waste generation?
What has been the major effect of burning fossil fuels and deforestation on atmospheric CO2 concentration?
What has been the major effect of burning fossil fuels and deforestation on atmospheric CO2 concentration?
Besides carbon overloading, what other consequence is mentioned as being associated with burning fossil fuels, coal, oil, gas and wood?
Besides carbon overloading, what other consequence is mentioned as being associated with burning fossil fuels, coal, oil, gas and wood?
Which of the options is NOT identified as a direct result of increased solid waste?
Which of the options is NOT identified as a direct result of increased solid waste?
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According to the World Health Organization, approximately what fraction of deaths in 2012 were associated with polluted air?
According to the World Health Organization, approximately what fraction of deaths in 2012 were associated with polluted air?
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What is a primary driver of overpopulation impacting Earth's resources?
What is a primary driver of overpopulation impacting Earth's resources?
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According to the United Nations, what is the projected global population by the year 2100?
According to the United Nations, what is the projected global population by the year 2100?
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Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of increased global population, according to the provided document?
Which of the following is NOT a direct consequence of increased global population, according to the provided document?
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What is the main reason for deforestation in the tropics?
What is the main reason for deforestation in the tropics?
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Approximately what percentage of the Earth's land area was once covered by tropical forests, compared to what it is now?
Approximately what percentage of the Earth's land area was once covered by tropical forests, compared to what it is now?
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What is the term for the practice of growing only one type of crop?
What is the term for the practice of growing only one type of crop?
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How many types of pollution are mentioned regarding the environment?
How many types of pollution are mentioned regarding the environment?
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What amount of forest is destroyed yearly?
What amount of forest is destroyed yearly?
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What is the core concept of sustainability?
What is the core concept of sustainability?
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Which of the following best describes the origin of the term 'sustainability'?
Which of the following best describes the origin of the term 'sustainability'?
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What does 'living sustainably' primarily involve?
What does 'living sustainably' primarily involve?
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What does the concept of 'maximum sustainable yield' refer to?
What does the concept of 'maximum sustainable yield' refer to?
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Which of these options is NOT a component of sustainability?
Which of these options is NOT a component of sustainability?
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Which example best represents the practical application of sustainability in resource use?
Which example best represents the practical application of sustainability in resource use?
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What is a key principle of sustainability as it relates to long-term planning?
What is a key principle of sustainability as it relates to long-term planning?
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What is the ultimate goal of sustainability initiatives?
What is the ultimate goal of sustainability initiatives?
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What was the approximate share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption in ASEAN in 2020?
What was the approximate share of renewable energy in total final energy consumption in ASEAN in 2020?
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Which countries had the highest shares in renewable energy sources according to the data?
Which countries had the highest shares in renewable energy sources according to the data?
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How much did the renewable energy share change from 2016 to 2020 in ASEAN?
How much did the renewable energy share change from 2016 to 2020 in ASEAN?
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What was the renewable energy share in ASEAN in 2016?
What was the renewable energy share in ASEAN in 2016?
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What was the primary subject of the 2022 ASEAN SDG Snapshot Report?
What was the primary subject of the 2022 ASEAN SDG Snapshot Report?
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According to the provided material, which aspect is NOT considered a core component of ecological sustainability?
According to the provided material, which aspect is NOT considered a core component of ecological sustainability?
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Which of the following best represents the focus of social-cultural sustainability?
Which of the following best represents the focus of social-cultural sustainability?
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The document lists 'material' and 'energy' as components of a specific area of sustainability, to what category do these belong?
The document lists 'material' and 'energy' as components of a specific area of sustainability, to what category do these belong?
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Which of the following is NOT explicitly listed as a component of the economic pillar of sustainability?
Which of the following is NOT explicitly listed as a component of the economic pillar of sustainability?
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What contributes to the sustainability of life on Earth, according to the document?
What contributes to the sustainability of life on Earth, according to the document?
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According to the content provided, how does solar energy directly support living organisms?
According to the content provided, how does solar energy directly support living organisms?
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Which of the following is NOT described as a direct function of biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT described as a direct function of biodiversity?
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Which of the following is most closely associated with the 'society' pillar of sustainability?
Which of the following is most closely associated with the 'society' pillar of sustainability?
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How does the hydrologic cycle receive its energy?
How does the hydrologic cycle receive its energy?
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Which of the following phrases best represents the overall objective of the ‘Economic’ pillar of sustainability?
Which of the following phrases best represents the overall objective of the ‘Economic’ pillar of sustainability?
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Which type of resource is perpetually available and expected to last indefinitely?
Which type of resource is perpetually available and expected to last indefinitely?
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What is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
What is an example of a nonrenewable resource?
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Which process involves using resources in the same form to reduce waste?
Which process involves using resources in the same form to reduce waste?
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What term describes the highest use of a renewable resource while maintaining its supply?
What term describes the highest use of a renewable resource while maintaining its supply?
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Which of the following is considered a natural service of ecosystems?
Which of the following is considered a natural service of ecosystems?
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What defines renewable resources?
What defines renewable resources?
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Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nonrenewable resources?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of nonrenewable resources?
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What does environmental degradation refer to?
What does environmental degradation refer to?
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The function of nutrient cycling is best described as:
The function of nutrient cycling is best described as:
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Which of the following resources is considered inexhaustible?
Which of the following resources is considered inexhaustible?
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Flashcards
Overpopulation
Overpopulation
The state where the human population exceeds the Earth's capacity to sustainably support it.
Population Growth
Population Growth
The rapid increase in the human population, particularly in the past 50 years.
Carrying Capacity
Carrying Capacity
The amount of people a planet can support sustainably without harming its environment.
Deforestation
Deforestation
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Species-Rich Forests
Species-Rich Forests
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Agricultural Monocultures
Agricultural Monocultures
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Habitat Loss
Habitat Loss
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Land Use Conversion
Land Use Conversion
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Solid waste
Solid waste
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Fossil fuel burning
Fossil fuel burning
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Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
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Carbon overloading
Carbon overloading
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Air pollution
Air pollution
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Sustainability
Sustainability
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Sustainable Yield
Sustainable Yield
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Living Sustainably
Living Sustainably
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Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development
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Natural Capital
Natural Capital
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Natural Income
Natural Income
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Resilience
Resilience
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Sustainability Framework
Sustainability Framework
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Pillars of sustainability
Pillars of sustainability
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Economic sustainability
Economic sustainability
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Ecological sustainability
Ecological sustainability
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Social-cultural sustainability
Social-cultural sustainability
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Biodiversity
Biodiversity
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Natural cycles
Natural cycles
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Dependence on Solar Energy
Dependence on Solar Energy
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Earth's Sustained Life
Earth's Sustained Life
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Dependence on Natural Capital
Dependence on Natural Capital
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Renewable Energy Share
Renewable Energy Share
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Renewable Energy Share in Total Final Energy Consumption
Renewable Energy Share in Total Final Energy Consumption
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ASEAN Renewable Energy Leaders
ASEAN Renewable Energy Leaders
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ASEAN Renewable Energy Growth
ASEAN Renewable Energy Growth
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ASEAN SDG Snapshot Report
ASEAN SDG Snapshot Report
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What is a resource?
What is a resource?
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Sustainable Solutions
Sustainable Solutions
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Perpetual Resources
Perpetual Resources
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Renewable Resources
Renewable Resources
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Nonrenewable Resources
Nonrenewable Resources
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Environmental Degradation
Environmental Degradation
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Natural Services
Natural Services
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Decomposition
Decomposition
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Study Notes
Lecture 1 - Environment and Sustainability
- The lecture was presented by Professor Dr. Sandhya Babel from the School of Bio-Chemical Engineering & Technology, Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, Thammasat University.
Current Global Environmental Issues
- Global Warming: A significant environmental concern, with increased greenhouse gas emissions driving rising temperatures.
- Acid Rains: Formed by atmospheric pollutants reacting with water, causing environmental damage.
- Ozone Depletion: Harmful to the environment, leading to increased ultraviolet radiation.
- Waste Disposal: Improper waste management poses risks to the environment.
- Air Pollution: The release of harmful gases and particles into the atmosphere, impacting human and environmental health.
- Natural Resource Depletion: Overconsumption and unsustainable use of natural resources like minerals.
- Water Pollution: Contamination of bodies of water by industrial or domestic waste.
- Destruction of Forests: Depletion of forests, vital for ecosystem balance, often due to exploitation or conversion for agriculture.
- Overpopulation: Growth in global population, a key concern regarding demands on resources.
Public Health Issues
- Acid Rain: A significant concern regarding environmental health.
- Ozone Layer Depletion: Poses a threat to human health, increasing exposure to harmful ultraviolet radiation.
- Deforestation: Loss of biodiversity and other crucial ecosystem services.
- Loss of Biodiversity: Important for ecological stability and human well-being.
- Ocean Acidification: Another consequence of excess greenhouse gases that affects ecosystems and biodiversity.
- Waste Disposal: Waste-related health issues due to improper disposal and environmental hazards.
- Overpopulation: Contributing factor in environmental degradation and public health concerns.
- Global Warming: Implicates broader health concerns relating to temperature changes.
- Pollution: Air, soil, etc., with several types, each posing unique public health risks.
Global Environmental Issues - Overpopulation
- Overpopulation - the existing human population exceeds the Earth's carrying capacity.
- Population growth has significantly increased in recent decades.
- Projected population to reach 10.8 billion by 2100, according to the UN.
- Increased demand for resources, including food, water, and energy, due to overpopulation.
- Resource scarcity has led to conflicts and environmental degradation and possibly epidemics.
Global Environmental Issues - Deforestation
- Species-rich forests, primarily in the tropics, are frequently destroyed for agricultural activities, including cattle ranching and plantations.
- Loss of forests results in a loss of biodiversity.
- Significant forest areas are destroyed annually, mostly in the tropics.
- Tropical forests are now down to 6-7% of their original coverage.
- Logging and burning degrade remaining forests.
Global Environmental Issues - Water Pollution
- Water pollution occurs when harmful substances, often chemicals or microorganisms, render bodies of water toxic.
- Sources of water pollution include industrial discharge, agricultural pesticide runoff, inadequate municipal sewage treatment, accidental oil spills, and mine discharge.
Global Environmental Issues - Waste
- Solid waste management is a critical concern due to the accumulation and improper disposal of solid waste.
- Contributing factors to waste generation include rapid population growth, urbanization, industrial activity, consumerism, and insufficient waste infrastructure.
Global Environmental Issues - Air Pollution and Climate Change
- Burning fossil fuels, deforestation, and agricultural practices have increased atmospheric CO2 concentrations, from 280 ppm 200 years ago to approximately 400 ppm today.
- Air pollution, including carbon overload, from burning coal, oil, or wood, is a major health concern.
- Air pollutants cause health issues including diseases, due to toxins and carcinogens.
Global Environmental Issues - Climate Change
- Long-term shifts in temperatures and weather patterns, potentially natural but currently primarily influenced by human activities.
- Human activities, particularly the burning of fossil fuels, are the primary driver of current climate change.
- Extreme weather events, rising temperatures, sea-level rise, and changing precipitation patterns are observed effects.
- Climate change has implications for ecosystems, agriculture, food security, health, and requires international collaboration.
What are the Solutions?
- Sustainability and sustainable development are essential for a healthy planet.
Sustainability
- The ability of the Earth's natural systems and economies to survive and adapt to changing environmental conditions indefinitely.
Pillars of Sustainability
- Environmental: a viable natural environment with biodiversity, materials, energy, and biophysical interactions
- Economic: maximizing income while maintaining a constant or increasing stock of capital. This includes money and capital, employment, technological growth, investment, and market forces.
- Social: maintaining stability of social and cultural systems with human diversity, equity, and quality of life. This includes the development of institutional structures and political structures.
Sustainability Principles - Life on Earth
- Life has been supported for 3.5 billion years by solar energy, biodiversity, and chemical cycling.
- Life relies on energy from the sun and natural resources supplied by Earth.
Sustainability Principles - Dependence on Solar Energy
- Warms the Earth
- Provides energy for plants and other organisms with photosynthesis.
- Powers the hydrologic cycle, including flowing water.
- Powers wind and can be converted into electricity.
Sustainability Principles - Biodiversity
- Provides ecosystem services and adaptability.
- Many ecosystems are categorized as deserts, forests, oceans, grasslands.
- Species and systems renew soil and purify air and water.
Sustainability Principles - Chemical Cycling
- Natural processes recycle nutrients.
- Recycling nutrients is vital because they continuously circulate through ecosystems.
- Nutrients cycle from living organisms to the nonliving environment and vice versa.
- Chemical cycles are essential for maintaining life.
- In nature, waste is a useful resource, highlighting interdependence.
Living More Sustainably
- Sustainability is central to living more sustainably.
- Natural capital (natural resources + ecosystem services) is essential. Ecosystem services and resources are driven by solar energy, photosynthesis, and the natural cycles.
- Human activities are degrading natural resources faster than nature can restore them, creating issues like pollution and overconsumption.
What is a Resource?
- A resource is anything we obtain from the environment.
- Some resources are readily available, but others require technology to acquire.
- Sustainable resource use includes reducing, reusing, and recycling.
Natural Capital
- Natural resources (e.g., air, water, minerals) plus ecosystem services (e.g., air purification, water purification, nutrient cycling).
Types of Resources
- Inexhaustible: perpetually available (e.g., sunlight).
- Renewable: replenished by natural processes (e.g., water, air).
- Nonrenewable: fixed quantities, renewed through geological processes (e.g., fossil fuels).
Natural Resources (contin.)
- Sustainable yield: Using the largest amount of a resource without depleting it or reducing it's capacity to replenish in the future.
- Environmental degradation: When the rate of use exceeds the natural rate of reproduction/replenishment.
Natural Services
- Functions of nature like air and water purification, nutrient cycling.
- These are vital for a healthy environment.
Resource Use and Environmental Impact
- Industrialized countries use a significantly higher percentage of global resources (88%) and produce 75% of global pollution with a population of only 17%
- Developing countries, conversely, use a smaller amount of global resources compared to industrialized countries.
Ecological Footprints
- The amount of biologically productive land and water needed to support a population in a given region, accounting for resources and waste products.
- A deficit exists when use surpasses the natural rate of replenishment.
- Upcycling is a sustainable method for minimizing environmental impact by reusing materials.
- Current human use of Earth's resources is causing degradation of natural capital and creating pollution.
Recent Global Measures (MDGs)
- Millennium Development Goals were adopted in 2000 and aimed to reduce poverty including hunger, illiteracy, and disease by 2015.
Latest Global Measures (SDGs)
- Sustainable Development Goals were created in 2015 to continue global progress towards addressing many of the same challenges as the MDGs, in an expanded manner with added emphasis on partnerships.
Sustainable Development
- Development that meets the present needs without compromising the future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
Sustainability Principles (SDG's)
- Planet: Protecting the planet through sustainable resource management, and urgent climate action.
- People: Ending poverty and hunger, ensuring dignity, and a healthy environment.
- Prosperity: Enabling prosperous lives, while harmonizing social, economic, and technological progress with nature.
- Peace: Fostering peaceful and inclusive societies.
- Partnerships: Mobilizing resources and strengthening global solidarity.
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Description
This quiz explores key environmental concepts, including solid waste generation, the effects of fossil fuel burning, and the consequences of deforestation. Test your knowledge on the relationship between population growth and resource depletion, as well as its impact on global health and ecosystems.