Podcast
Questions and Answers
Voltaire promoted religious ______
Voltaire promoted religious ______
toleration
Montesquieu wrote 'The Spirit of the ______' in 1748.
Montesquieu wrote 'The Spirit of the ______' in 1748.
Laws
Diderot’s ______ aimed to change the general way of thinking.
Diderot’s ______ aimed to change the general way of thinking.
Encyclopedia
John Locke's theory is often referred to as ______ of the human mind.
John Locke's theory is often referred to as ______ of the human mind.
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Copernicus proposed a ______-centered universe.
Copernicus proposed a ______-centered universe.
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Kepler discovered that planets' orbits are ______, not circular.
Kepler discovered that planets' orbits are ______, not circular.
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Galileo was the first to use a ______ for celestial observations.
Galileo was the first to use a ______ for celestial observations.
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Isaac Newton introduced the universal law of ______.
Isaac Newton introduced the universal law of ______.
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Rousseau believed in a social ______ where people hold power.
Rousseau believed in a social ______ where people hold power.
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Adam Smith advocated for ______-faire economics.
Adam Smith advocated for ______-faire economics.
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________ challenged the actions of the Church and promoted religious toleration.
________ challenged the actions of the Church and promoted religious toleration.
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The concept of a 'blank slate' is associated with _______.
The concept of a 'blank slate' is associated with _______.
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_______ used empirical data and observation as the basis for rationalism.
_______ used empirical data and observation as the basis for rationalism.
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_______ wrote about the importance of separation of powers in government.
_______ wrote about the importance of separation of powers in government.
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_______ is known for his work in developing the scientific method.
_______ is known for his work in developing the scientific method.
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_______ is famous for proposing that the planets revolve around the sun.
_______ is famous for proposing that the planets revolve around the sun.
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_______ argued that if one side of the government becomes too powerful, it can be reformed or replaced by the people.
_______ argued that if one side of the government becomes too powerful, it can be reformed or replaced by the people.
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Galileo discovered ______ orbiting Jupiter.
Galileo discovered ______ orbiting Jupiter.
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_________ argued for women's rights and advocated for their education.
_________ argued for women's rights and advocated for their education.
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_______ defined three laws of motion that govern all objects.
_______ defined three laws of motion that govern all objects.
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Montesquieu proposed separation of powers and ______ and balances.
Montesquieu proposed separation of powers and ______ and balances.
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Diderot’s Encyclopedia consisted of a ______-volume collection of knowledge.
Diderot’s Encyclopedia consisted of a ______-volume collection of knowledge.
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John Locke's idea of 'tabula rasa' suggests that the human mind is a ______ slate.
John Locke's idea of 'tabula rasa' suggests that the human mind is a ______ slate.
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Isaac Newton's laws explain ______ motion and connect various scientific discoveries.
Isaac Newton's laws explain ______ motion and connect various scientific discoveries.
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Rene Descartes is associated with the philosophy of ______, which emphasizes reason.
Rene Descartes is associated with the philosophy of ______, which emphasizes reason.
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Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for ______ for women.
Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for ______ for women.
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Francis Bacon is credited with developing the ______ method.
Francis Bacon is credited with developing the ______ method.
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Kepler confirmed that planets' orbits are ______, challenging previous beliefs.
Kepler confirmed that planets' orbits are ______, challenging previous beliefs.
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Galileo discovered ______ on the moon, challenging the perception of heavenly bodies.
Galileo discovered ______ on the moon, challenging the perception of heavenly bodies.
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Adam Smith advocated for a ______-faire economic policy.
Adam Smith advocated for a ______-faire economic policy.
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Montesquieu described England's three branches of ______.
Montesquieu described England's three branches of ______.
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Rene Descartes emphasized the importance of ______ and empirical data in rationalism.
Rene Descartes emphasized the importance of ______ and empirical data in rationalism.
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Galileo observed four moons ______ Jupiter.
Galileo observed four moons ______ Jupiter.
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The natural rights theory is primarily associated with ______ Locke.
The natural rights theory is primarily associated with ______ Locke.
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Francis Bacon is known for his contributions to the development of the scientific ______.
Francis Bacon is known for his contributions to the development of the scientific ______.
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Kepler's discovery of elliptical orbits contradicted the idea of perfect ______ orbits.
Kepler's discovery of elliptical orbits contradicted the idea of perfect ______ orbits.
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Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for the ______ of women.
Mary Wollstonecraft advocated for the ______ of women.
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Isaac Newton's laws tied together previous discoveries in ______ motion.
Isaac Newton's laws tied together previous discoveries in ______ motion.
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Rousseau's concept of a social ______ involves the idea that power resides with the people.
Rousseau's concept of a social ______ involves the idea that power resides with the people.
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Diderot aimed to attack religious ______ through his encyclopedia.
Diderot aimed to attack religious ______ through his encyclopedia.
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Voltaire is considered the most prominent figure of the ______.
Voltaire is considered the most prominent figure of the ______.
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Montesquieu proposed a system of government with ______ of powers.
Montesquieu proposed a system of government with ______ of powers.
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Diderot’s Encyclopedia sought to illuminate and educate by compiling a ______ of knowledge.
Diderot’s Encyclopedia sought to illuminate and educate by compiling a ______ of knowledge.
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John Locke introduced the idea of ______ rights as fundamental to human existence.
John Locke introduced the idea of ______ rights as fundamental to human existence.
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Copernicus challenged the geocentric model by proposing a ______-centered universe.
Copernicus challenged the geocentric model by proposing a ______-centered universe.
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Rousseau's concept of the social ______ emphasizes the idea that the government's power lies with the people.
Rousseau's concept of the social ______ emphasizes the idea that the government's power lies with the people.
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Mary Wollstonecraft argued for the importance of ______ for women.
Mary Wollstonecraft argued for the importance of ______ for women.
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Francis Bacon is known for his development of the scientific ______.
Francis Bacon is known for his development of the scientific ______.
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Isaac Newton's introduction of the universal law of ______ changed the understanding of gravity.
Isaac Newton's introduction of the universal law of ______ changed the understanding of gravity.
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Kepler's discovery that planets have ______ orbits challenged earlier beliefs about celestial bodies.
Kepler's discovery that planets have ______ orbits challenged earlier beliefs about celestial bodies.
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Voltaire is known for advocating for ______ toleration.
Voltaire is known for advocating for ______ toleration.
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Kepler's confirmation of the sun-centered universe contradicted the idea of perfect ______ orbits.
Kepler's confirmation of the sun-centered universe contradicted the idea of perfect ______ orbits.
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Galileo's observations included four moons orbiting ______.
Galileo's observations included four moons orbiting ______.
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Montesquieu's writings contributed to the ideas of ______ and balances in government.
Montesquieu's writings contributed to the ideas of ______ and balances in government.
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Rene Descartes emphasized the importance of ______ and observation in forming conclusions.
Rene Descartes emphasized the importance of ______ and observation in forming conclusions.
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Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women should have access to ______.
Mary Wollstonecraft argued that women should have access to ______.
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John Locke's theory is often linked to the concept of ______ rights.
John Locke's theory is often linked to the concept of ______ rights.
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Francis Bacon is renowned for developing the scientific ______.
Francis Bacon is renowned for developing the scientific ______.
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Isaac Newton's introduction of the universal law of ______ transformed the understanding of gravitational forces.
Isaac Newton's introduction of the universal law of ______ transformed the understanding of gravitational forces.
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Rousseau's idea of the social ______ emphasizes that the government operates according to the will of the people.
Rousseau's idea of the social ______ emphasizes that the government operates according to the will of the people.
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Study Notes
Enlightenment Thinkers and Scientists
- Voltaire: Most prominent Enlightenment figure, challenged Church authority, promoted religious toleration, advocated for deism (belief in a God who created the universe but does not intervene, like a clockmaker), emphasized reason and natural law.
- Montesquieu: Author of "The Spirit of the Laws" (1748), studied governments and natural laws of society. Described England's three branches of government and proposed the separation of powers and checks and balances.
- Diderot's Encyclopedia: A 28-volume collection of knowledge aiming to change general thinking. Criticized religious superstition and supported reforms and religious toleration.
- John Locke: Advocated for natural rights. Known for the "tabula rasa" (blank slate) theory of the human mind.
- Copernicus: Proposed a sun-centered (heliocentric) model of the universe. Planets revolve around the sun, and the Earth rotates on its axis and orbits the sun. This concept was initially opposed by some.
Scientific Revolution Figures
- Kepler: Confirmed a sun-centered universe. Discovered that planets orbit the sun in elliptical, not circular, paths. The sun is located at one focus of the ellipse, not the center. This contradicted the idea of perfect circular orbits and crystal spheres.
- Galileo: First to use a telescope for regular astronomy. Observed mountains on the moon, four moons orbiting Jupiter, and sunspots. Challenged the perfect-sphere view of celestial bodies.
- Isaac Newton: Formulated scientific laws governing the natural world. Defined three laws of motion governing all objects, and the universal law of gravitation, explaining planetary motion and unifying previous discoveries.
- René Descartes: Championed rationalism – emphasizing reason, observation, and empirical data. Stressed the importance of rigorous observation to avoid incorrect conclusions (Don't let your eyes fool you).
- Francis Bacon: Developed the scientific method (issue, hypothesize, observe, analyze, experiment) and championed empiricism and inductive reasoning.
Social Contract and Political Thinkers
- Rousseau: Advocated for the social contract, believing that ultimate power resides in the people. If a government aspect becomes too powerful the people could reform or replace it.
- Mary Wollstonecraft: Argued for women's education and equal rights, advocating for opportunities and capabilities equivalent to those of men.
- Adam Smith: Promoted laissez-faire economics, encouraging private enterprise and minimal government intervention. People manage themselves; the government protects their freedom and businesses from conflict by providing peace, police, protection, and laws..
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Description
Explore the influential ideas and figures of the Enlightenment and Scientific Revolution. This quiz covers philosophers like Voltaire and Locke, as well as scientists like Copernicus and Kepler, highlighting their contributions to modern thought and science.
