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Questions and Answers
What is the main idea behind the separation of powers?
What is the main idea behind the separation of powers?
Which Enlightenment thinker was known for advocating freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state?
Which Enlightenment thinker was known for advocating freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state?
What is the primary characteristic of despotism?
What is the primary characteristic of despotism?
What is the main focus of natural rights?
What is the main focus of natural rights?
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Who are the women who participated in the intellectual and cultural movement of the Enlightenment?
Who are the women who participated in the intellectual and cultural movement of the Enlightenment?
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What is the term for the acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices?
What is the term for the acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices?
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What was the primary focus of the Enlightenment era?
What was the primary focus of the Enlightenment era?
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Who were the philosophes?
Who were the philosophes?
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Which period was characterized by a renewed interest in ancient art, literature, and learning?
Which period was characterized by a renewed interest in ancient art, literature, and learning?
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What was the main idea behind the Social Contract theory?
What was the main idea behind the Social Contract theory?
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What significant document limited the power of the king in 1215 in England?
What significant document limited the power of the king in 1215 in England?
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Which philosopher believed in natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
Which philosopher believed in natural rights such as life, liberty, and property?
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Which book by Thomas Hobbes advocates for a powerful government to maintain social order?
Which book by Thomas Hobbes advocates for a powerful government to maintain social order?
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What is a constitutional monarchy?
What is a constitutional monarchy?
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Study Notes
The Enlightenment
- The Enlightenment was an era in Europe marked by a focus on reason, individualism, and skepticism towards traditional authority, leading to significant advancements in various fields.
Key Thinkers
- Thomas Hobbes: believed that strong government was necessary to prevent chaos in society and wrote "Leviathan" advocating for a powerful government to maintain social order.
- John Locke: believed in natural rights like life, liberty, and property.
- Montesquieu: French philosopher known for his theory of the separation of powers, which advocates for dividing government authority into distinct branches to prevent tyranny.
- Voltaire: French Enlightenment thinker known for his advocacy of freedom of speech, religion, and separation of church and state, as well as his criticism of intolerance and injustice.
Concepts
- Philosophes: thinkers who promoted reason, science, and social progress during the Enlightenment.
- Scientific Revolution: a time when people started using observation and experimentation to understand the world around them, leading to big discoveries in science and math.
- Renaissance: a time in Europe when there was a renewed interest in art, literature, and learning from ancient times, leading to many important discoveries and creations.
- Reformation: a time when people broke away from the Catholic Church to start their own branches of Christianity.
Political Concepts
- Constitutional Monarchy: a government where a monarch's powers are restricted by a constitution, sharing authority with an elected parliament.
- Magna Carta: a document signed in 1215 in England that limited the power of the king and established certain rights for the people.
- Bill of Rights: a list of fundamental rights and freedoms guaranteed to citizens, often found in the constitutions of democratic countries.
- Social Contract: an implicit agreement among members of a society to cooperate for social benefits, usually by sacrificing some individual freedom for state protection and order.
- Natural Rights: rights that are inherent to human beings, not dependent on laws or customs, often including the rights to life, liberty, and property.
- Separation of Powers: the division of government responsibilities into distinct branches to limit any one branch from exercising the core functions of another.
- Despotism: a form of government where a single authority, such as a monarch or dictator, holds absolute power, often ruling oppressively and arbitrarily.
Other
- Insight: a deep understanding or realization of something.
- Religious Tolerance: acceptance of different religious beliefs and practices, allowing individuals the freedom to worship as they choose without persecution.
- Women of the Enlightenment: women who participated in the intellectual and cultural movement of the Enlightenment, advocating for women's rights, education, and equality, although their contributions were often marginalized or overlooked.
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Description
Explore the Enlightenment era and its focus on reason, individualism, and skepticism, leading to significant advancements in various fields, alongside the Scientific Revolution's impact on our understanding of the world.
