Energy Resources in Canada Quiz

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What type of energy resources are primarily produced in Canada?

Geothermal and tidal energy

Fossil fuels, including petroleum, gas, and coal (correct)

Hydroelectric and solar energy

Wind energy and biomass

Which region in Canada is NOT mentioned as producing fossil fuels?

Nova Scotia

Prairie provinces

Quebec (correct)

Newfoundland

What is a primary use of coal produced in Canada?

Heating residential buildings

Electricity generation

Natural gas extraction

Steel production (correct)

In which area is offshore petroleum primarily located in Canada?

Newfoundland and Labrador Signup and view all the answers

Where is natural gas production NOT specified in the content?

British Columbia Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fossil fuel is produced in Alberta, based on the content?

Both natural gas and coal Signup and view all the answers

Which of these territories is noted for having offshore petroleum deposits?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which province is primarily associated with coal production for steel?

British Columbia Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the formation sequence of hydrocarbons?

Kerogen formation Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does dry gas, specifically methane, begin to form?

Around 150C Signup and view all the answers

How do hydrocarbon fluids primarily migrate?

Upward due to lower density than water Signup and view all the answers

What does the cracking of hydrocarbons produce?

Smaller hydrocarbons, oil, and wet gas Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of separating crude oil into its components called?

Distillation Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during the lithification stage of hydrocarbon formation?

Organic material is converted into kerogen Signup and view all the answers

What is likely to stop the migration of hydrocarbons to the surface?

A geological trap Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the sequence of hydrocarbon formation?

Cracking occurs as temperatures rise. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary process involved in the formation of coal?

Burial and decomposition of plant material Signup and view all the answers

During which geological period did most of the world's coal form?

Carboniferous Period Signup and view all the answers

Which environmental condition is necessary for the formation of coal?

Oxygen-poor conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of petroleum?

Gradual cooking of simple aquatic organisms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a product of organic sediments?

Biogenic gas - methane Signup and view all the answers

What geological feature was prominent during the time most of the world's coal formed?

Supercontinent Pangea Signup and view all the answers

What alternative theory is proposed regarding the origin of some hydrocarbons?

Abiotic hydrocarbons from deep mantle processes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions does NOT apply to the formation of coal?

Involves high oxygen concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What type of geological structure is mentioned as forming excellent traps?

Domes or doubly plunging anticlines Signup and view all the answers

Which two conditions must be met for a petroleum trap to exist?

A porous, permeable reservoir rock and an impermeable cap rock Signup and view all the answers

In a multi-phase fluid environment, what is the relationship between oil and water?

Oil separates and migrates upwards with respect to heavier water Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a cap rock in a petroleum trap?

To be impermeable to oil and gas Signup and view all the answers

Which geological feature is exemplified by the Zagros Mountains in relation to petroleum geology?

A location with domes or anticlines Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic does NOT describe a porous, permeable reservoir rock?

Has a high density Signup and view all the answers

Why is the presence of an impermeable cap rock critical in a petroleum trap?

It prevents the migration of oil and gas to the surface Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'structural traps' refer to in petroleum geology?

Geological formations that prevent oil and gas from migrating Signup and view all the answers

What is a typical method used for enhanced oil recovery?

Steam injection Signup and view all the answers

What was a major environmental incident associated with BP in 2010?

Deepwater Horizon oil spill Signup and view all the answers

How far did the BP oil spill extend from the original site?

1000 km Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves injecting air, water, or steam into oil wells?

Enhanced oil recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of typical oil exploration rigs?

They involve extensive steel structures Signup and view all the answers

What is likely a consequence of enhanced oil recovery methods?

Increased extraction efficiency Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about oil spills is false?

They are always manageable with current technology Signup and view all the answers

What role did Edward Burtynsky play in relation to the oil industry?

Photographer documenting industrial landscapes Signup and view all the answers

What is one major consequence of fossil fuel combustion on the atmosphere?

It produces carbon dioxide, contributing to the greenhouse effect. Signup and view all the answers

How does the greenhouse effect impact the Earth's temperature?

It absorbs outgoing long-wave radiation, warming the atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

By how much has the average global surface temperature increased since the early 20th century?

About 0.8 °C. Signup and view all the answers

What role does carbon dioxide play in global warming?

It serves as a heat-trapping gas in the atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

What historical period is associated with the rise in fossil fuel emissions?

The Industrial Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the change in CO2 emissions since the Industrial Revolution?

They have significantly increased. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of the greenhouse effect as described?

The trapping of outgoing long-wave radiation by the atmosphere. Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to the greenhouse effect?

Reflectivity of surfaces on Earth. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Earth Systems Engineering - APSC 151 2024

The course covers Earth Systems Engineering, specifically focusing on energy resources like hydrocarbons (oil, gas, and coal).
Fossil fuels in Canada include large quantities of petroleum, gas, and coal, which are mostly exported.
Petroleum comes from southern areas of the Prairie provinces, as well as offshore petroleum deposits in Newfoundland, Labrador, Yukon, and Northwest Territories, Nunavut.
Natural gas is produced in the prairies and southern Ontario (Lake Erie).
Coal is mined in British Columbia, Alberta, and Nova Scotia, mainly for steel production.
CO2 emissions by type in the USA have shown substantial increases since the late 1700s.
Coal is formed from the burial and decomposition of plant material in swamps, occurring in oxygen-poor depositional environments during the Carboniferous Period.
Coal seams are layers of varying levels of alteration (peat > lignite > bituminous > anthracite).

Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons are formed by the "cooking" of simple aquatic organisms in source rocks.
Kerogen is formed initially, with rising temperatures causing cracking of carbon-carbon bonds.
This process creates oil and subsequently wet gas from dry gas (methane) above 150°C.
Crude oil is refined through distillation into various fractions (e.g., gases, light naphtha, heavy naphtha, kerosene, light gas oil, heavy gas oil, residuum).
Cracking is used to break down larger hydrocarbons into smaller ones, producing a range of useful products like gasoline.

Petroleum Migration

Petroleum fluids are mobile and less dense than water, migrating upwards.
They reach the surface unless trapped within subsurface structures.
Traps are crucial regions that prevent hydrocarbons from escaping.

Petroleum Traps

Common traps include domes and anticlines, which are doubly plunging structures.
There are also stratigraphic and structural traps like fault traps and salt domes.

Oil Sands

Are unconventional fossil fuel deposits
Consist of mixtures of sediment, water, and bitumen (a viscous black tar-like substance).
The vast Athabasca tar sands in Alberta contribute significantly (15%) to Canada's oil production.
Refining oil from these sands is costly.

Oil Shale

Another unconventional fossil fuel; it is not shale itself, but fine grained limestone.
Contains enormous amounts of kerogen, which must be heated to release the petroleum.
The extraction process often requires "fracking".

Shale Gas

Primarily methane trapped in pores and fractures of shale, or other fine-grained sedimentary rock.

Fracking

Hydraulic fracturing (fracking) breaks up shale rock for gas extraction.
Water, sand, and chemicals are injected at high pressure to create fractures.
Natural gas is released through these created fissures.

Oil Transport

Oil is transported via trains, pipelines, and ships.
Different modes of transport have varying safety records.

Global Oil Trade

Ships carry large amounts of oil globally.

Global Warming

Fossil fuel emission increases the concentration of CO2.
This leads to global warming, a significant increase in surface temperature since the early 20th century.
Canada's emissions and projected emission reductions are considered.

Seismic Exploration

Using seismic waves to study the subsurface.
Used to explore for subsurface resources, especially oil and gas.

Offshore Exploration

Oil exploration and extraction in offshore environments.
Often involves specialized rigs and deep-sea operations.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

Test your knowledge about the various energy resources produced in Canada. This quiz covers fossil fuels like coal and petroleum, their regions of production, and the processes involved in hydrocarbon formation. Challenge yourself with questions about the significance of these resources in the context of Canada's geography and economy.