Energy Resources and Fossil Fuels

<p>Desertification (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It has a toxic effect (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excessive fertilizer use (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urbanization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial waste disposal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The upward movement of Earth's mostly solid mantle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At divergent boundaries (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lower pressure decreases the melting point (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Columns of hot rock rising from the core (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transfer of heat (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Solidified crust (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The reduction in overlying pressure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tectonic activity contributes to both decompression melting and magma rise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Any material that is eliminated or discarded after a process (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Municipal solid waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Food waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Industrial solid waste (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Developed countries generate more waste (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To facilitate better waste management strategies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Household garbage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The introduction of harmful materials into the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It spreads out to the sides of the ridge. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Convergent boundary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.6 cm/yr to 10 cm/yr (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Island-Continent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plates moving away from each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plates sliding horizontally past each other. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>North Atlantic moves at 1 cm/yr; Pacific at 4 cm/yr. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Continent-Continent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They will run out within our lifetime. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fractional distillation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crude oil (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Coal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Methane (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hydroelectric energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nuclear energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sedimentary layering (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinetic energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biofuel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Geothermal energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They emit CO2 when burned. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Either exogenous or endogenous (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural gas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>70% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased agricultural yield (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>164 million (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Plastic particles smaller than 5mm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decline in marine biodiversity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Investing in better waste management systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Respiratory diseases (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>100,000 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Energy from sources that will run out or will be replenished very slowly in our lifetime.

Energy sources formed from ancient, buried plant and animal remains.

A fossil fuel consisting of hydrocarbon chains, used in various fuels.

A solid fossil fuel, primarily made of carbon.

A fossil fuel primarily composed of methane, used as a fuel.

A fossil fuel, often refined into gasoline, propane, and kerosene.

A process used to separate components of crude oil based on boiling points.

Energy sources that are naturally replenished.

Energy from the sun, a renewable source.

Energy generated from recently dead organisms.

Energy from moving water, a sustainable source.

Energy from the Earth's heat, a naturally replenishing source.

Energy harnessed from wind using turbines.

Energy from bond-breaking in fuels.

Energy of motion, steam is a good example of this.

A molten or semi-molten rock mixture found beneath Earth's surface.

Magma is created through decompression melting or the transfer of heat.

Magma formation due to a decrease in pressure as rocks rise.

Tectonic plates moving apart, leading to decompression melting.

Columns of hot rock rising from deep within Earth, causing magma formation.

The movement of hot material, aiding magma to rise.

Magma formation when hot liquid rock intrudes cold crust, and it cools.

Solidified magma beneath the Earth's surface.

Any material, substance, or byproduct eliminated or discarded as no longer useful.

All activities produce waste.

Developed countries generate more waste than developing countries, but the latter faces waste management problems.

Harmful materials introduced into the environment.

Contamination of soil by harmful substances from human activities.

Waste from homes, businesses, and commerce.

Removal of soil particles from one place to another by wind or water.

Land degradation in arid and semi-arid regions, reduced plant life.

Food waste, plastics, metals, glass, and construction/hazardous waste.

Manufacturing byproducts.

Increase in acidity of soil due to specific cations.

Paper, packaging, food processing, rubber, leather, wood, etc.

Accumulation of salts on the soil surface, harmful to plants.

Presence of toxic heavy metals in soil, harming plants and organisms.

Nutrient pollution due to excess nitrogen and phosphorous in soil & water

Human activities that negatively impact soil quality.

In 2016, humanity produced 2.01 billion tonnes of waste, a number expected to increase by 70% over the next 30 years.

A term describing the reliance on single-use sachets, particularly in the Philippines, leading to significant plastic pollution.

Improper waste management can lead to landslides at waste dumps, posing a significant environmental and safety hazard.

Improper waste disposal can contaminate water sources, affecting human health and ecosystems.

Tiny plastic particles smaller than 5mm, posing a significant threat to marine life and human health.

Each year, microplastic pollution kills 100,000 marine creatures and generates 1.2 million tonnes of waste.

Addressing the waste crisis requires investment in better solid waste management systems, including facilities, systems, and infrastructure.

Waste management systems should be available and accessible to both urban and rural communities.

The process where new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges and older crust moves away from the ridge. Molten material rises from the mantle, cools, and solidifies, creating new crust.

An underwater mountain range where new oceanic crust is formed. This is where molten material from the mantle rises and solidifies, pushing older crust away.

A type of convergent boundary where an oceanic plate collides with a continental plate, causing the denser oceanic plate to subduct (slide) beneath the continental plate.

A type of convergent boundary where two oceanic plates collide, causing one plate to subduct under the other. This can lead to the formation of volcanic island arcs.

A type of convergent boundary where two continental plates collide, causing the plates to buckle and uplift, creating mountain ranges.

Plate boundaries where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally. This movement can cause earthquakes.