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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of fossil fuels?
Which of the following is a characteristic of fossil fuels?
What is the main use of coal?
What is natural gas primarily used for?
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What is a environmental impact of fossil fuels?
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Why are fossil fuels a concern?
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What is the function of the iris in the eye?
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Which type of light-sensitive cell is responsible for peripheral and night vision?
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What happens to light after it enters the eye through the cornea and pupil?
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What is the term for the sharpness of vision?
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What is the result of the optic nerve meeting the retina?
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What is the basis of color vision according to the trichromatic theory?
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Study Notes
Nonrenewable Resources: Fossil Fuels
What are Fossil Fuels?
- Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals buried for millions of years under layers of rock and sediment.
- They are a primary source of energy for human societies.
Types of Fossil Fuels:
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Coal:
- Formed from ancient plant matter, primarily ferns and swamps.
- Mainly used for electricity generation and industrial processes.
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Oil (Petroleum):
- Formed from ancient marine organisms, such as plankton and algae.
- Primary use: transportation fuel (gasoline, diesel) and industrial applications.
-
Natural Gas:
- Formed from ancient plant and animal matter, similar to oil.
- Mainly used for electricity generation, heating, and cooking.
Characteristics of Fossil Fuels:
- Limited supply: Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, meaning they will eventually run out.
- High energy density: Fossil fuels contain a significant amount of energy per unit of volume.
- Contribute to climate change: Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming and climate change.
Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuels:
- Air pollution: Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants, such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, contributing to air pollution and negative health effects.
- Water pollution: Extraction, transportation, and refining of fossil fuels can contaminate water sources.
- Land degradation: Mining and drilling for fossil fuels can damage ecosystems and disturb natural habitats.
Fossil Fuels
Definition and Importance
- Fossil fuels are nonrenewable resources formed from ancient plants and animals buried for millions of years under layers of rock and sediment.
- They are a primary source of energy for human societies.
Types of Fossil Fuels
- Coal: Formed from ancient plant matter, primarily ferns and swamps, mainly used for electricity generation and industrial processes.
- Oil (Petroleum): Formed from ancient marine organisms, such as plankton and algae, primarily used for transportation fuel (gasoline, diesel) and industrial applications.
- Natural Gas: Formed from ancient plant and animal matter, similar to oil, mainly used for electricity generation, heating, and cooking.
Characteristics of Fossil Fuels
- Limited supply: Fossil fuels are nonrenewable, meaning they will eventually run out.
- High energy density: Fossil fuels contain a significant amount of energy per unit of volume.
- Contribute to climate change: Burning fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming and climate change.
Environmental Impacts of Fossil Fuels
- Air pollution: Burning fossil fuels releases pollutants, such as particulate matter, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, contributing to air pollution and negative health effects.
- Water pollution: Extraction, transportation, and refining of fossil fuels can contaminate water sources.
- Land degradation: Mining and drilling for fossil fuels can damage ecosystems and disturb natural habitats.
Structure of the Eye
- The eye has five main parts: cornea, iris, pupil, lens, retina, and optic nerve
- Cornea: transparent outer layer of the eye
- Iris: colored part that controls the amount of light entering the eye
- Pupil: opening that regulates the amount of light entering the eye
- Lens: focuses light onto the retina
- Retina: innermost layer with light-sensitive cells (rods and cones)
- Optic nerve: carries electrical signals from the eye to the brain
Light-Sensitive Cells
- Rods: sensitive to low light, responsible for peripheral and night vision
- Cones: sensitive to color and high light, responsible for central vision and color perception
- There are three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths of light
Process of Vision
- Light enters the eye through the cornea and pupil
- Light is focused by the lens onto the retina
- Light is converted to electrical signals by rods and cones
- Signals are transmitted via the optic nerve to the brain
- Brain interprets signals as visual information
Visual Acuity and Blind Spots
- Visual acuity: sharpness of vision, measured by the Snellen chart
- Blind spots: areas where the optic nerve meets the retina, resulting in a blind spot in each eye
Color Vision
- Trichromatic theory: color vision is based on three types of cones sensitive to different wavelengths of light
- Additive color mixing: combination of red, green, and blue light to create colors
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Description
Learn about fossil fuels, their formation, types, and uses. Discover how coal, oil, and natural gas are formed from ancient plants and animals and are used as primary energy sources.
