28 Questions
What is the main purpose of bacterial virulence factors?
To aid in the evasion of the host's immune system
Which of the following is NOT a function associated with bacterial virulence factors?
Cell division regulation
What is the role of capsule in bacterial virulence?
To provide protection against host immune defenses
Which virulence factor is responsible for bacterial movement?
Flagella
What is the primary function of pili or fimbriae in bacteria?
Adhesion to host cells
Which of the following is NOT a function of extracellular matrix toxins produced by bacteria?
Immune response enhancement
How do flagella contribute to bacterial pathogenicity?
By aiding in bacterial motility and colonization
Which structure helps bacteria adhere to surfaces and form biofilms?
Pili
Why is it essential for bacteria to be able to evade the host immune system?
To establish long-term infections in the host
What can high endotoxin levels lead to in the body?
Organ failure and intravascular coagulation
Which factor plays a significant role in determining access of certain molecules to the cell membrane?
Capsule
Which virulence factor participates in biofilm formation?
Flagella
How do Pili/fimbriae enhance bacteria's ability to establish infection?
By aiding in attachment to the host
What do low density quorum-sensing autoinducers promote?
Individual cell behavior
Which virulence factor mediates adherence to surfaces?
Pili/fimbriae
In biofilm formation, what kind of substances make up the self-produced matrix?
Proteins, polysaccharides, released DNA
What is the role of extracellular matrix toxins in bacterial virulence?
Participating in biofilm formation
Which type of toxins modulate the host cell metabolism?
A-B toxins
What is the target of Extracellular Matrix (EM) toxins?
EM targets
What is the function of Superantigens in the context of bacterial toxins?
Triggers excessive T lymphocyte stimulation
Which condition can result from the lack of blood flow due to shock?
Organic failure
What allows for the free movement of bacteria according to the text?
Hyaluronic acids
Which bacterial toxin type triggers a massive release of cytokines?
Superantigens
Bacteriophages (viruses of bacteria) transfer bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another. Some of the transferred DNA may be VF genes. This is describing:
Transduction
One bacterium can transfer a plasmid (mobile DNA) to another bacterium. Usually, plasmids contain VF genes. This is describing
Conjugation
Which toxin type is known to modulate the host cell metabolism?
Type III toxins
What effect do Membrane-damaging toxins have on cells?
Kill the cells
Transformation. Bacteria acquire free DNA from the environment. Some of the acquired DNA may be VF genes. This is defining:
Transformation
Test your knowledge on the effects of high endotoxin levels on the body, symptoms induced by endotoxin in small amounts, and the role of virulence factors such as capsules and flagella in bacterial infections.
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