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Questions and Answers
Which of the following hormones has a lesser role in calcium regulation compared to parathyroid hormone?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone structure and function?
Which of the following is NOT a target of parathyroid hormone?
What is the effect of calcitriol on the parathyroid gland?
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What is the role of RANK ligand in bone structure and function?
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What is the primary function of phosphate in the body?
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Which of the following is a function of calcitonin?
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What is the effect of parathyroid hormone on osteoblasts?
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Which of the following is NOT a target of calcitriol?
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What is the role of Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) in bone structure and function?
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Study Notes
Endocrinology: Calcium and Phosphate Regulation
Importance of Calcium and Phosphate
- Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve conduction
- Phosphate is crucial for biochemical processes and energy production
- Regulation of calcium and phosphate levels is necessary for proper bodily functions
Hormones Involved
- Vitamin D (active form: calcitriol)
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
- Released when plasma calcium levels decrease
- Targets:
- Bone: stimulates breakdown, releasing calcium and phosphate into plasma
- Kidneys: activates enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase, converting vitamin D to calcitriol
- Increases calcium and phosphate levels in plasma
Calcitriol (Active Form of Vitamin D)
- Converts vitamin D to active form
- Targets:
- Bone: stimulates breakdown, releasing calcium and phosphate into plasma
- Kidneys: stimulates reabsorption of calcium in proximal convoluted tubules
- GI Tract: increases calcium and phosphate absorption
- Negatively feedbacks on parathyroid gland, reducing parathyroid hormone production
Calcitonin
- Released when plasma calcium levels increase
- Decreases plasma calcium levels
- Has a lesser role in calcium regulation compared to parathyroid hormone
Bone Structure and Function
- Composed of osteoblasts (build bone) and osteoclasts (break down bone)
- Osteoblasts have parathyroid hormone receptors, which induce:
- Proliferation
- RANK ligand expression
- Inhibition of osteoprotegerin production
- RANK ligand binding to RANK receptors on pre-osteoclasts induces:
- Proliferation
- Differentiation into active osteoclasts
- Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) also stimulates osteoclast proliferation and differentiation
Calcium and Phosphate Regulation
Importance of Calcium and Phosphate
- Calcium is essential for muscle contraction and nerve conduction
- Phosphate is crucial for biochemical processes and energy production
- Regulation of calcium and phosphate levels is necessary for proper bodily functions
Hormones Involved in Calcium and Phosphate Regulation
- Vitamin D (active form: calcitriol)
- Parathyroid hormone
- Calcitonin
Parathyroid Hormone
- Released when plasma calcium levels decrease
- Stimulates bone breakdown, releasing calcium and phosphate into plasma
- Activates enzyme 1-alpha hydroxylase, converting vitamin D to calcitriol in kidneys
- Increases calcium and phosphate levels in plasma
Calcitriol (Active Form of Vitamin D)
- Converts vitamin D to active form
- Stimulates bone breakdown, releasing calcium and phosphate into plasma
- Stimulates calcium reabsorption in kidney proximal convoluted tubules
- Increases calcium and phosphate absorption in GI tract
- Negatively feedbacks on parathyroid gland, reducing parathyroid hormone production
Calcitonin
- Released when plasma calcium levels increase
- Decreases plasma calcium levels
Bone Structure and Function
- Composed of osteoblasts (build bone) and osteoclasts (break down bone)
- Osteoblasts have parathyroid hormone receptors, inducing:
- Proliferation
- RANK ligand expression
- Inhibition of osteoprotegerin production
- RANK ligand binding to RANK receptors on pre-osteoclasts induces:
- Proliferation
- Differentiation into active osteoclasts
- Macrophage Colony Stimulating Factor (M-CSF) stimulates osteoclast proliferation and differentiation
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Description
Learn about the importance of calcium and phosphate in the body, and how they are regulated by hormones like vitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and calcitonin.
