HPG Axis and Hormone Regulation

What is the primary function of GnRH agonists in pulsatile fashion?

Stimulate testosterone production
Decrease LH and FSH
Inhibit ovulation
Increase LH and FSH (correct)

What is the effect of continuous administration of GnRH agonists on LH and FSH?

Have no effect on LH and FSH
Initially increase and then decrease LH and FSH
Increase LH and FSH
Decrease LH and FSH (correct)

What is the purpose of GnRH analogs in the treatment of hormone-dependent tumors?

To decrease LH and FSH production (correct)
To increase estrogen production
To stimulate ovulation
To induce puberty

What is the effect of testosterone on its own production?

Negative feedback (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GnRH in the HPG axis?

To stimulate FSH and LH production (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial response to administration of short-acting GnRH agonists?

Increase in FSH and LH (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the therapeutic use of GnRH analogs in cancer treatment?

To treat hormone-dependent tumors (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using ovulation induction in fertility treatments?

To achieve complete control of the ovulatory cycle to harvest multiple oocytes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of hCG in ovulation induction?

To stimulate ovulation (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of Follitropin?

Urine of menopausal women (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the potential adverse effect of ovarian stimulation in fertility treatments?

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of GnRH agonist and antagonist in ovulation induction?

To suppress the endogenous cycle (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is Menotropin used for?

Fertility treatments and hormone replacement therapy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of sustained release GnRH antagonist formulations on the production of testosterone in males?

Decrease (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of excessive stimulation of the ovaries in fertility treatments?

Multiple ovarian follicles with high hormone levels (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of using GnRH antagonists in children with gender dysphoria?

Delaying puberty (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common adverse effect of GnRH antagonist therapy?

Hypogonadism (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique characteristic of GnRH antagonists compared to GnRH long-acting analogs?

They do not cause a start-up flare (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specific use of degarelix?

Prostate cancer treatment (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the liver-related adverse effect of GnRH antagonists?

Liver toxicity (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using GnRH antagonists in women with endometriosis?

To thin the endometrium prior to ablation (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical use of testosterone agonists in the HPG axis?

Male hypogonadism (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential adverse effect of testosterone replacement therapy?

Erythrocytosis (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a consequence of excess testosterone in males?

Decreased sperm production (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a use of antiandrogens in the treatment of females?

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a physiological effect of testosterone on the integument?

Increased sebum production (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a clinical use of testosterone antagonists?

Prostate cancer (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a metabolic effect of testosterone?

Improved glucose metabolism (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main effect of clomiphene on the hypothalamus?

Stimulates the release of LH and FSH (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of tamoxifen?

Treatment and prevention of ER/PR-positive breast cancer (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of DVT with certain medications?

Increases the risk of DVT (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of clomiphene on the endometrium?

Thins the endometrium (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of aromatase inhibitors?

Inhibits the conversion of androgens to estrogen (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of clomiphene?

Treatment of infertility due to anovulation (B) Signup and view all the answers