Repro 2: Reproductive Endocrine Control

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What is the main trigger for puberty in mammals?

Maturation of the adrenal glands

Onset of cyclicity in females (correct)

Secretion of testosterone in males

Synthesis of estrogen in females

In male mammals, what cells are present at birth and can undergo multiple mitosis?

Spermatogonium (correct)

Diploid cells

Secondary oocytes

Primary oocytes

What hormone is responsible for the male endocrine control of reproduction?

Testis determining factor

Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)

Testosterone (correct)

Estrogen

What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

They are arrested in prophase I Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of GnRH secretion/synthesis during puberty?

Mediating the onset of cyclicity in females Signup and view all the answers

Which glands secrete most hormones and release them into the bloodstream to affect target organs?

Endocrine glands Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

Derived from cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and tryptophan?

Amine hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

Water-soluble with membrane receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones bind to intracellular receptors?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of eicosanoids?

Regulation of inflammation and immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones induce the release of secondary messengers by binding cell membrane receptors?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of secondary messengers in the context of hormones?

Performing biochemical functions Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormone control is predominant in endocrine systems?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

What effect does excessive testosterone concentration have on the anterior pituitary gland?

Inhibits LH release Signup and view all the answers

Why is testosterone essential for spermatogenesis?

Activates Leydig cells Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback loop leads to increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

Positive feedback Signup and view all the answers

What endocrine hormone regulation involves the Surge center of the hypothalamus?

Induction of ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

Release of GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for the production of androgens under LH stimulation in the female reproductive system?

Theca interna Signup and view all the answers

What causes luteolysis in non-pregnant females in the female estrous cycle?

Binding of Oxytocin to endometrial receptors Signup and view all the answers

In the male reproductive system, which hormone is crucial for Sertolli cells function?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Inhibin in male reproduction?

Ensuring high intratubular testosterone concentration Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is left immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive system?

Corpus hemorrhagicum (CH) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

Ability of the hypothalamus to produce GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is 100 to 500 times higher in the seminiferous tubules compared to blood in males?

Testosterone (T4) Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which cell type produces Estrogen, Inhibin, and follicular fluid in the female reproductive system?

Granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for follicular growth and ovulation?

GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in the female estrous cycle corresponds to the secretory phase in women?

Diestrus Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the primordial follicle activation?

Unknown Signup and view all the answers

Which center is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge?

Surge center Signup and view all the answers

Which phase in the female estrous cycle is defined behaviorally?

Estrus Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

Remains quiescent Signup and view all the answers

'Internalization' of hormone receptors refers to what process?

Degradation by receptor-mediated endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What mediates the onset of puberty in mammals?

Activation of the hypothalamus and subsequent GnRH secretion Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes male mammals at birth concerning germ cells?

Diploid spermatogonium capable of multiple mitosis Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is crucial for the endocrine control of reproduction in male mammals?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the process of luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the estrous cycle?

Absence of an embryo implantation signal Signup and view all the answers

Which event is associated with supraphysiological stimulation-induced 'downregulation' in the context of hormones?

Decreased sensitivity of target cells to the hormone Signup and view all the answers

'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

'Cyclic recruitment' phase Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of amine hormones?

Derived from fatty acids Signup and view all the answers

Which group of hormones is characterized by being larger in size compared to steroids and amine hormones?

Glycoproteins Signup and view all the answers

How do steroid hormones primarily exert their biochemical function?

Bind to intracellular receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolic fate of androgens in the body?

First-pass metabolism in the liver Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones are known to have a short half-life in circulation?

Amine hormones Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of protein/peptide hormones regarding their solubility?

Water-soluble with membrane receptors Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback loop is predominant in the regulation of most endocrine hormones?

Negative feedback loops Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone regulation involves the positive feedback loop by inducing increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of negative feedback in endocrine hormone regulation?

To decrease hormone production Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is crucial for spermatogenesis but, in excessive concentrations, causes negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What consequences result from positive feedback in the endocrine system?

Sharp increase in hormone concentrations Signup and view all the answers

Which mechanism maintains homeostasis by a relatively narrow range of hormone concentration?

Negative feedback loops Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is responsible for the luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the female estrous cycle?

Oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

In the male reproductive system, what hormone is crucial for Sertoli cells' function?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

Pineal gland Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

Production of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Signup and view all the answers

What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

Ability of the hypothalamus to produce Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) Signup and view all the answers

What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

Remain at primordial stage Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

Involvement in supraphysiological stimulation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone induces follicular deviation in the female reproductive system?

Inhibin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is used as a contraceptive in dogs and horses?

GnRH Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the preovulatory LH surge in the female reproductive system?

Estradiol (positive feedback) Signup and view all the answers

In folliculogenesis, the 'resting pool' consists of which type of follicles?

Primordial follicles Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the female ovarian cortex contains oocytes and follicles?

Cortex Signup and view all the answers

What type of growth in folliculogenesis is independent of FSH or LH?

Gonadotropin-independent growth Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone) Signup and view all the answers

Where does the storage and release of oxytocin occur in the female reproductive system?

Posterior pituitary or Neuro hypophysis Signup and view all the answers

'Internalization' of hormone receptors involves which process?

Receptor-mediated endocytosis Signup and view all the answers

'Atresia' in follicular dynamics refers to which process?

'Death' of follicles Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

Derived from cholesterol Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hormones are easily metabolized?

Amine hormones Signup and view all the answers

Where are protein/peptide hormones synthesized?

In the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of eicosanoids?

Regulate inflammation and immunity Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones have a longer half-life in circulation?

Steroid hormones Signup and view all the answers

How do amine hormones differ from glycoproteins?

Derived from tyrosine or tryptophan Signup and view all the answers

What is the main mediator of puberty according to the provided text?

GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in male mammals undergo multiple mitosis starting at birth?

Spermatogonium Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the context of female reproduction?

Synthesis and secretion of GnRH Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone plays a crucial role in male endocrine control according to the text?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What triggers the acquisition of reproductive competence at puberty?

Hypothalamus maturation Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback loop is most common in regulating endocrine hormones?

Negative feedback Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is regulated by a negative feedback loop due to excessive concentrations resulting in reduced activity of Leydig cells?

Testosterone Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of LH in the female reproductive system?

Inducing ovulation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone triggers the release of LH by the anterior pituitary through positive feedback?

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of positive feedback in hormone regulation?

Increasingly higher hormone concentrations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Surge center in the hypothalamus during the female estrous cycle?

Stimulation of ovulation by inducing preovulatory LH surge Signup and view all the answers

Which process is known to be irreversible in folliculogenesis?

Primordial follicle activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Oxytocin in the female reproductive system?

Facilitating uterine contractions during parturition Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for storing and releasing oxytocin in the female reproductive system?

Posterior pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

During which phase of the female estrous cycle does estrogen play a major role?

Estrus Signup and view all the answers

What hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary gland in females?

FSH Signup and view all the answers

Which event directly precedes luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the estrous cycle?

Ovulation Signup and view all the answers

What role do Primordial follicles play in folliculogenesis?

They remain quiescent after activation Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone's release from the Hypothalamic Surge center indirectly affects preovulatory LH surge?

Estradiol Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure left immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive system?

Corpus hemorrhagicum Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Inhibin in the female reproductive system?

Downregulation of FSH secretion Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the female reproductive system produce Estrogen, Inhibin, and follicular fluid?

Granulosa cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main trigger for the release of PGF2 in the female estrous cycle?

Secretion of oxytocin Signup and view all the answers

Which structure in the female ovarian cortex contains oocytes and follicles?

Primordial follicle Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary metabolic fate of Progesterone in the female reproductive system?

Maintenance of pregnancy Signup and view all the answers

What does a dominant follicle possess that allows it to keep developing within the female estrous cycle?

More receptors for FSH Signup and view all the answers

Repro 2: Reproductive Endocrine Control

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Questions and Answers

What is the main trigger for puberty in mammals?

In male mammals, what cells are present at birth and can undergo multiple mitosis?

What hormone is responsible for the male endocrine control of reproduction?

What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

What is the main role of GnRH secretion/synthesis during puberty?

Which glands secrete most hormones and release them into the bloodstream to affect target organs?

What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

Which type of hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and tryptophan?

What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

Which hormones bind to intracellular receptors?

What is the key function of eicosanoids?

Which hormones induce the release of secondary messengers by binding cell membrane receptors?

What is the main function of secondary messengers in the context of hormones?

Which type of hormone control is predominant in endocrine systems?

What effect does excessive testosterone concentration have on the anterior pituitary gland?

Why is testosterone essential for spermatogenesis?

Which type of feedback loop leads to increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

What endocrine hormone regulation involves the Surge center of the hypothalamus?

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

Which structure is responsible for the production of androgens under LH stimulation in the female reproductive system?

What causes luteolysis in non-pregnant females in the female estrous cycle?

In the male reproductive system, which hormone is crucial for Sertolli cells function?

What is the primary function of Inhibin in male reproduction?

Which structure is left immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive system?

What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

Which hormone is 100 to 500 times higher in the seminiferous tubules compared to blood in males?

What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

Which cell type produces Estrogen, Inhibin, and follicular fluid in the female reproductive system?

Which hormone is responsible for follicular growth and ovulation?

Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

Which phase in the female estrous cycle corresponds to the secretory phase in women?

What triggers the primordial follicle activation?

Which center is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge?

Which phase in the female estrous cycle is defined behaviorally?

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

'Internalization' of hormone receptors refers to what process?

What mediates the onset of puberty in mammals?

What characterizes male mammals at birth concerning germ cells?

Which hormone is crucial for the endocrine control of reproduction in male mammals?

What triggers the process of luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the estrous cycle?

Which event is associated with supraphysiological stimulation-induced 'downregulation' in the context of hormones?

'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

What is a distinguishing characteristic of amine hormones?

Which group of hormones is characterized by being larger in size compared to steroids and amine hormones?

How do steroid hormones primarily exert their biochemical function?

What is the primary metabolic fate of androgens in the body?

Which type of hormones are known to have a short half-life in circulation?

What is a key feature of protein/peptide hormones regarding their solubility?

What type of feedback loop is predominant in the regulation of most endocrine hormones?

Which hormone regulation involves the positive feedback loop by inducing increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

What is the primary function of negative feedback in endocrine hormone regulation?

Which hormone is crucial for spermatogenesis but, in excessive concentrations, causes negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland?

What consequences result from positive feedback in the endocrine system?

Which mechanism maintains homeostasis by a relatively narrow range of hormone concentration?

What hormone is responsible for the luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the female estrous cycle?

In the male reproductive system, what hormone is crucial for Sertoli cells' function?

Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

Which hormone induces follicular deviation in the female reproductive system?

Which hormone is used as a contraceptive in dogs and horses?

What triggers the preovulatory LH surge in the female reproductive system?

In folliculogenesis, the 'resting pool' consists of which type of follicles?

Which structure in the female ovarian cortex contains oocytes and follicles?

What type of growth in folliculogenesis is independent of FSH or LH?

Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

Where does the storage and release of oxytocin occur in the female reproductive system?

'Internalization' of hormone receptors involves which process?

'Atresia' in follicular dynamics refers to which process?

What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

Which type of hormones are easily metabolized?

Where are protein/peptide hormones synthesized?