Repro 2: Reproductive Endocrine Control
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Questions and Answers

What is the main trigger for puberty in mammals?

  • Maturation of the adrenal glands
  • Onset of cyclicity in females (correct)
  • Secretion of testosterone in males
  • Synthesis of estrogen in females

    • In male mammals, what cells are present at birth and can undergo multiple mitosis?

  • Spermatogonium (correct)
  • Diploid cells
  • Secondary oocytes
  • Primary oocytes

    • What hormone is responsible for the male endocrine control of reproduction?

  • Testis determining factor
  • Anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH)
  • Testosterone (correct)
  • Estrogen

    • What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

    <p>They are arrested in prophase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of GnRH secretion/synthesis during puberty?

    <p>Mediating the onset of cyclicity in females</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which glands secrete most hormones and release them into the bloodstream to affect target organs?

    <p>Endocrine glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

    <p>Derived from cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones are derived from the amino acid tyrosine and tryptophan?

    <p>Amine hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

    <p>Water-soluble with membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones bind to intracellular receptors?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key function of eicosanoids?

    <p>Regulation of inflammation and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones induce the release of secondary messengers by binding cell membrane receptors?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of secondary messengers in the context of hormones?

    <p>Performing biochemical functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormone control is predominant in endocrine systems?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does excessive testosterone concentration have on the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Inhibits LH release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is testosterone essential for spermatogenesis?

    <p>Activates Leydig cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of feedback loop leads to increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

    <p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What endocrine hormone regulation involves the Surge center of the hypothalamus?

    <p>Induction of ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Release of GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the production of androgens under LH stimulation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Theca interna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes luteolysis in non-pregnant females in the female estrous cycle?

    <p>Binding of Oxytocin to endometrial receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, which hormone is crucial for Sertolli cells function?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Inhibin in male reproduction?

    <p>Ensuring high intratubular testosterone concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is left immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Corpus hemorrhagicum (CH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

    <p>Ability of the hypothalamus to produce GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is 100 to 500 times higher in the seminiferous tubules compared to blood in males?

    <p>Testosterone (T4)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type produces Estrogen, Inhibin, and follicular fluid in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is responsible for follicular growth and ovulation?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in the female estrous cycle corresponds to the secretory phase in women?

    <p>Diestrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the primordial follicle activation?

    <p>Unknown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which center is responsible for bursts of GnRH required to achieve preovulatory LH surge?

    <p>Surge center</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase in the female estrous cycle is defined behaviorally?

    <p>Estrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

    <p><strong>FSH</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

    <p><strong>Remains quiescent</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internalization' of hormone receptors refers to what process?

    <p><strong>Degradation by receptor-mediated endocytosis</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What mediates the onset of puberty in mammals?

    <p>Activation of the hypothalamus and subsequent GnRH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes male mammals at birth concerning germ cells?

    <p>Diploid spermatogonium capable of multiple mitosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is crucial for the endocrine control of reproduction in male mammals?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the process of luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the estrous cycle?

    <p>Absence of an embryo implantation signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event is associated with supraphysiological stimulation-induced 'downregulation' in the context of hormones?

    <p>Decreased sensitivity of target cells to the hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Resting pool' of inactive primordial follicles represents which phase of folliculogenesis?

    <p>'Cyclic recruitment' phase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing characteristic of amine hormones?

    <p>Derived from fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of hormones is characterized by being larger in size compared to steroids and amine hormones?

    <p>Glycoproteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do steroid hormones primarily exert their biochemical function?

    <p>Bind to intracellular receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic fate of androgens in the body?

    <p>First-pass metabolism in the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones are known to have a short half-life in circulation?

    <p>Amine hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key feature of protein/peptide hormones regarding their solubility?

    <p>Water-soluble with membrane receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback loop is predominant in the regulation of most endocrine hormones?

    <p>Negative feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone regulation involves the positive feedback loop by inducing increasingly higher hormone concentrations?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of negative feedback in endocrine hormone regulation?

    <p>To decrease hormone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is crucial for spermatogenesis but, in excessive concentrations, causes negative feedback on the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What consequences result from positive feedback in the endocrine system?

    <p>Sharp increase in hormone concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism maintains homeostasis by a relatively narrow range of hormone concentration?

    <p>Negative feedback loops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is responsible for the luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the female estrous cycle?

    <p>Oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the male reproductive system, what hormone is crucial for Sertoli cells' function?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland is the source of melatonin production?

    <p>Pineal gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stimulates the release of FSH and LH from the pituitary gland in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Production of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary?

    <p>Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers puberty in males according to the provided text?

    <p>Ability of the hypothalamus to produce Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to oocytes in female mammals until puberty?

    <p>Remain at primordial stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of protein/peptide hormones?

    <p>Involvement in supraphysiological stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone induces follicular deviation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Inhibin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is used as a contraceptive in dogs and horses?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the preovulatory LH surge in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Estradiol (positive feedback)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In folliculogenesis, the 'resting pool' consists of which type of follicles?

    <p>Primordial follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the female ovarian cortex contains oocytes and follicles?

    <p>Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of growth in folliculogenesis is independent of FSH or LH?

    <p>Gonadotropin-independent growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary gland?

    <p>FSH (Follicle-Stimulating Hormone)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the storage and release of oxytocin occur in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Posterior pituitary or Neuro hypophysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Internalization' of hormone receptors involves which process?

    <p>Receptor-mediated endocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Atresia' in follicular dynamics refers to which process?

    <p>'Death' of follicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical nature of steroid hormones?

    <p>Derived from cholesterol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hormones are easily metabolized?

    <p>Amine hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are protein/peptide hormones synthesized?

    <p>In the pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of eicosanoids?

    <p>Regulate inflammation and immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormones have a longer half-life in circulation?

    <p>Steroid hormones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do amine hormones differ from glycoproteins?

    <p>Derived from tyrosine or tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main mediator of puberty according to the provided text?

    <p>GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in male mammals undergo multiple mitosis starting at birth?

    <p>Spermatogonium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the hypothalamus in the context of female reproduction?

    <p>Synthesis and secretion of GnRH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone plays a crucial role in male endocrine control according to the text?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the acquisition of reproductive competence at puberty?

    <p>Hypothalamus maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of feedback loop is most common in regulating endocrine hormones?

    <p>Negative feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone is regulated by a negative feedback loop due to excessive concentrations resulting in reduced activity of Leydig cells?

    <p>Testosterone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of LH in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Inducing ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone triggers the release of LH by the anterior pituitary through positive feedback?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of positive feedback in hormone regulation?

    <p>Increasingly higher hormone concentrations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Surge center in the hypothalamus during the female estrous cycle?

    <p>Stimulation of ovulation by inducing preovulatory LH surge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process is known to be irreversible in folliculogenesis?

    <p>Primordial follicle activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Oxytocin in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Facilitating uterine contractions during parturition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for storing and releasing oxytocin in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Posterior pituitary gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which phase of the female estrous cycle does estrogen play a major role?

    <p>Estrus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone is continuously produced by the anterior pituitary gland in females?

    <p>FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event directly precedes luteolysis in non-pregnant females during the estrous cycle?

    <p>Ovulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do Primordial follicles play in folliculogenesis?

    <p>They remain quiescent after activation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hormone's release from the Hypothalamic Surge center indirectly affects preovulatory LH surge?

    <p>Estradiol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure left immediately after ovulation in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Corpus hemorrhagicum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of Inhibin in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Downregulation of FSH secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells in the female reproductive system produce Estrogen, Inhibin, and follicular fluid?

    <p>Granulosa cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main trigger for the release of PGF2 in the female estrous cycle?

    <p>Secretion of oxytocin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the female ovarian cortex contains oocytes and follicles?

    <p>Primordial follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary metabolic fate of Progesterone in the female reproductive system?

    <p>Maintenance of pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a dominant follicle possess that allows it to keep developing within the female estrous cycle?

    <p>More receptors for FSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

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