Enculturation and Acculturation Quiz

Questions and Answers

Define enculturation.

Enculturation is the constant process of learning the behaviors, characteristics, and the norms of the culture that one belongs to.

Define acculturation.

Acculturation is the process of changing and assimilating into a different culture from the original one into which we were born.

In enculturation, from whom do individuals learn behaviors?

Parents

What are the 4 main acculturation strategies?

Assimilation, Separation, Integration, and Marginalization Signup and view all the answers

Define the 4 main acculturation strategies.

Assimilation: Individuals do not maintain their culture and seek interaction with the dominant culture. Separation: Individuals maintain their culture and avoid contact with the dominant culture. Integration: Individuals interact with the dominant culture while maintaining their identity. Marginalization: Individuals have no interest in either integration or maintaining their culture. Signup and view all the answers

Define direct tuition.

Direct tuition is one of the ways that enculturation can happen. Parents tell individuals what he/she is supposed to do. Signup and view all the answers

Define participatory learning.

Participatory learning explains how enculturation can be expressed within a culture, where children engage in activities and transfer that learning to later situations. Signup and view all the answers

Define observational learning.

Observational learning plays a key part in development, as individuals learn new behaviors by observing them from their gatekeepers. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of the Bornstein et al. study?

To evaluate similarities and differences in mean levels and relative agreement between mothers' and fathers' attributions and attitudes in parenting in nine countries. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the samples of the Bornstein et al. study?

1133 parenting couples of 7-10 year old children from nine countries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Bornstein et al. study?

Significant differences between mothers and fathers were observed for all three attitude measures. Mothers showed more progressive attitudes, while fathers reported more authoritarian attitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What was concluded from the Bornstein et al. study?

There is a significant difference between attitudes of parents in different cultures, with most holding more progressive than authoritarian attitudes. Signup and view all the answers

What was the aim of Lueck and Wilson (2010)?

To investigate the variables that may predict acculturative stress in a nationally representative sample of Asian immigrants and Asian Americans. Signup and view all the answers

Who were the samples of Lueck and Wilson (2010)?

The sample consisted of 2095 Asian Americans, including first-generation immigrants and those born in the US. Signup and view all the answers

What did the researchers do in Lueck and Wilson (2010)?

The researchers carried out semi-structured interviews conducted by interviewers with similar cultural backgrounds. Signup and view all the answers

What were the results of Lueck and Wilson (2010)?

Of the 2095 observations, 1433 were found to have acculturative stress, meaning 70% of the sample experienced it. Signup and view all the answers

What were the conclusions made from Lueck and Wilson (2010)?

<ol> <li>A bilingual language preference contributed to lower acculturative stress. 2) Stress may arise when Asian Americans do not know the native language well. 3) Negative treatment, including prejudice, contributed to higher acculturative stress.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Enculturation and Acculturation

Enculturation: Continuous process of learning the norms and behaviors of one's own culture.
Acculturation: Process of adapting to a culture different from the one into which an individual is born.

Sources of Learning in Enculturation

Primary Influence: Parents play a critical role in teaching behaviors to individuals through various methods.

Acculturation Strategies

Assimilation: Individuals abandon their original culture to fully adopt the dominant culture.
Separation: Individuals retain their original culture while avoiding interaction with the dominant culture.
Integration: Individuals maintain their cultural identity while actively engaging with the dominant culture.
Marginalisation: Individuals express no desire for either assimilation or separation, often resulting from a loss of their original culture.

Methods of Enculturation

Direct Tuition: Parents instruct children on expected behaviors explicitly.
Participatory Learning: Children learn by engaging in activities, applying lessons to future situations (e.g., using chopsticks).
Observational Learning: Individuals acquire behaviors by observing influential figures in their lives.

Research Studies

Bornstein et al. Study

Aim: To analyze parental attributions and attitudes in parenting across nine countries.
Sample: 1133 couples of parents with 7-10 year old children from various countries.
Findings: Mothers displayed more progressive attitudes while fathers tended to show authoritarian attitudes.
Conclusion: Cultural differences exist in parenting attitudes; countries varied in progressive and authoritarian scores.

Lueck and Wilson (2010) Study

Aim: To explore factors predicting acculturative stress among Asian immigrants and Asian Americans.
Sample: 2095 Asian Americans, including first-generation immigrants and those born in the U.S. to immigrant parents.
Methodology: Semi-structured interviews conducted by culturally and linguistically matched interviewers.
Results: 70% of participants experienced acculturative stress based on assessment scores.
Conclusions:
- Bilingualism decreases acculturative stress by facilitating community support.
- Language barriers can create stress for Asian Americans attempting to communicate sensitive issues with family.
- Experiences of prejudice and xenophobia significantly increase acculturative stress.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the concepts of enculturation and acculturation. This quiz covers key definitions, sources of learning, and various strategies involved in adapting to different cultures. Challenge yourself to understand how culture shapes individual behavior and identity.