35 Questions
Which philosopher contributed to the reason-emotion dichotomy in Western thought?
Plato
According to the James-Lange Theory, what leads to emotional experience?
Physical response
Who emphasized that emotional experiences result from cognitive interpretations of events?
Richard Lazarus
Which movement influenced a historical shift in perspective on the devaluation of emotions, particularly as associated with femininity?
Second-wave feminism
In modern times, what has undergone significant scrutiny and reevaluation in Western thought?
Reason-emotion dichotomy
What term describes the internal conflict when an individual's true emotions do not align with the prescribed feeling rules for a given situation?
Emotive Dissonance
Which theory delves into how individuals are socialized into adhering to specific societal norms and expectations regarding emotions?
Hochschild's Emotion Management Theory
What is the term for the ways in which events or situations are perceived and interpreted, often influenced by underlying ideologies?
Frames
What does deep acting involve in the context of emotional management?
Genuinely experiencing and expressing emotions that align with feeling rules
What refers to the management of emotions in a professional context, especially in roles where conveying specific emotions is essential for the job?
Emotional Labor
According to Emotion Management Theory (EMT), what distinguishes 'emotional labor' from 'emotion work' in the workplace?
The degree of surface acting involved in each
In capitalist societies, why does the ability to display appropriate emotions become part of labor power?
To create desired atmospheres for customers
What does Emotion Management Theory (EMT) suggest about the influence of shifting feeling rules on emotion management?
It can impact the way individuals manage emotive dissonance
What does the historical context of emotions highlight, especially in Western philosophy?
Enduring interest in the study of emotions
How does Damasio's research challenge the historical perception of emotions?
By challenging the view of emotions as controllable
Which sociologist provided the first definition of emotional labor?
Arlie Hochschild
What are the three emotion regulation strategies identified by Arlie Hochschild?
Cognitive, bodily, and expressive
Which of the following is NOT identified as a field requiring emotional labor?
Retail
What does emotion work (or emotion management) refer to?
Displaying certain emotions for personal purposes
What is the process of managing feelings and expressions to fulfill the emotional requirements of a job called?
Emotional labor
In what type of economy are more workers expected to manage their emotions according to employer demands compared to sixty years ago?
Service-based economy
In the context of emotional labor, what distinguishes bill collectors from other jobs?
They are selected and socialized to show irritation to debtors
What did Edwards (2016) identify as additional components of emotional labor in childcare?
Emotional consonance and suppression
How did the waitresses in Paules' 1991 study view their ability to manage emotions during interactions with customers?
As a valuable skill that could be used
What did the collection agency hire agents who seemed to be easily aroused for?
To convey urgency to debtors
What is the unique aspect of emotional labor in childcare, according to scholars?
It requires the development of emotional capital
How did the waitresses in Paules' study assert control and protect their self-identity during interactions with customers?
By managing their emotions
How did bill collectors cope with angry debtors?
By publicly showing their anger or making jokes
What did the waitresses in Paules' study not view as negatively affecting them?
Interactions with customers
Which type of emotion work involves changing physical symptoms to create a desired emotion?
Bodily emotion work
What is the term for the management of emotions within the workplace according to employer expectations?
Emotional labor
What are the determinants of emotional labor according to the text?
Societal, occupational, and organizational norms
What is a significant factor in emotional labor according to the text?
Supervisory regulation of display rules
What does surface acting involve in the context of emotional labor?
Displaying required emotions without changing how one feels
What does deep acting involve in the context of emotional labor?
Changing internal feelings to align with organizational expectations
Study Notes
Emotion Management Theory and Historical Context
- Emotion Management Theory (EMT) by Hochschild focuses on "feeling rules" which dictate appropriate emotional responses in various situations
- EMT emphasizes that individuals engage in "emotion management work" to align with feeling rules
- The theory distinguishes between "emotional labor" and "emotion work" in the workplace
- In capitalist societies, the ability to display appropriate emotions becomes part of labor power, particularly in customer service jobs
- Effective emotion management is crucial in conveying intended messages or atmospheres to customers
- Emotion management involves managing "emotive dissonance" and can be influenced by shifting feeling rules
- EMT has implications for understanding class structures and ideological frameworks influencing feeling rules
- The course will explore the application of EMT across different social contexts and discuss techniques for emotion management
- The historical context of emotions highlights enduring interest, especially in Western philosophy
- Hume's perspective on emotions diverged from the traditional contrast between emotions and reason
- Emotions have been historically viewed as controllable, but Damasio's research challenges this perception
- The bio-psychological and social psychological perspectives provide different approaches to studying emotions
Emotional Labor and Its Different Components
- Cognitive emotion work involves changing images, ideas, or thoughts to alter associated feelings
- Bodily emotion work involves changing physical symptoms to create a desired emotion
- Expressive emotion work involves changing expressive gestures to influence inner feelings
- Emotional labor is the management of emotions within the workplace according to employer expectations
- Jobs involving emotional labor require face-to-face or voice-to-voice contact with the public
- Emotional labor can also refer to unpaid household tasks or informal counseling
- Determinants of emotional labor include societal, occupational, and organizational norms
- Emotional labor is influenced by employees' dispositional traits and inner feelings on the job
- Supervisory regulation of display rules is a significant factor in emotional labor
- Emotional labor can be divided into surface acting and deep acting
- Surface acting occurs when employees display required emotions without changing how they feel
- Deep acting involves changing internal feelings to align with organizational expectations
Test your knowledge of Emotion Management Theory (EMT) and its historical context in this quiz. Explore Hochschild's concept of "feeling rules," emotional labor in the workplace, and the implications of EMT for understanding class structures. Delve into the historical perspectives on emotions, from Hume's philosophical views to Damasio's research on emotional control.
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