Podcast
Questions and Answers
What happens to density as temperature increases?
What happens to density as temperature increases?
Water is most dense at 0°C when it is a solid.
Water is most dense at 0°C when it is a solid.
False (B)
What is the formula for calculating density?
What is the formula for calculating density?
Density = mass/volume
The true shape of the Earth is an ________ Spheroid.
The true shape of the Earth is an ________ Spheroid.
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Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their descriptions:
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Which type of crust is primarily composed of basalt?
Which type of crust is primarily composed of basalt?
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Physical weathering occurs mostly in warm, humid climates.
Physical weathering occurs mostly in warm, humid climates.
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What type of soil matches the underlying bedrock?
What type of soil matches the underlying bedrock?
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P waves can travel through ________ and ________, while S waves can only travel through _________.
P waves can travel through ________ and ________, while S waves can only travel through _________.
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Match the following sedimentary processes with their descriptions:
Match the following sedimentary processes with their descriptions:
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Which factor does NOT affect stream velocity?
Which factor does NOT affect stream velocity?
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Continental plates converge and cause uplift, forming mountains.
Continental plates converge and cause uplift, forming mountains.
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What is the primary agent of erosion responsible for sorting and rounding sediments?
What is the primary agent of erosion responsible for sorting and rounding sediments?
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What happens to density as pressure increases?
What happens to density as pressure increases?
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The accepted value is always accurate and never changes.
The accepted value is always accurate and never changes.
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What is the relationship between the altitude of Polaris and your latitude?
What is the relationship between the altitude of Polaris and your latitude?
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Water expands when it freezes and can exert enough pressure to ________ rock.
Water expands when it freezes and can exert enough pressure to ________ rock.
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Match the following Earth's features with their descriptions:
Match the following Earth's features with their descriptions:
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What type of crust is primarily composed of granite?
What type of crust is primarily composed of granite?
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Subduction zones are where new earth is created.
Subduction zones are where new earth is created.
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What is the primary reason tectonic plates move?
What is the primary reason tectonic plates move?
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Streams are the number one agent of erosion, producing _______ and rounded sediments.
Streams are the number one agent of erosion, producing _______ and rounded sediments.
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Match the types of rock with their formation processes:
Match the types of rock with their formation processes:
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Which of the following landscapes typically has steep slopes with sharp angles?
Which of the following landscapes typically has steep slopes with sharp angles?
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Chemical weathering occurs mostly in cold, dry climates.
Chemical weathering occurs mostly in cold, dry climates.
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What is the significance of the difference in arrival time between P waves and S waves?
What is the significance of the difference in arrival time between P waves and S waves?
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Study Notes
Earth Science Fun Facts
- Density is mass divided by volume (unit: g/ml)
- Density increases with pressure, decreases with temperature
- Water expands when freezing, and is most dense at 40°C
- Accepted value is the correct answer, measured value is the guess
- Percent Error = |(Measured – Accepted)/Accepted| * 100
- Earth is an oblate spheroid (sphere-like)
- Altitude of Polaris equals latitude
- Latitude lines run east-west, measuring north/south distance
- Longitude lines run north-south, measuring east/west distance
- Prime meridian is 0°, International Date Line is 180°
- Earth rotates west to east at 15 degrees per hour (24 hours)
Earth's Structure and Processes
- Continental crust is thin (granite), oceanic crust is thick (basalt)
- Tectonic plates move due to mantle convection
- Mid-ocean ridges create new seafloor; trenches destroy
- Mountains form by continental plate collision
- Plateaus are uplifted bedrock
- Arid landscapes have steep slopes, humid landscapes have rounded slopes
- Chemical weathering occurs in warm, humid climates; physical weathering occurs in cold, humid climates (frost wedging)
- Soil = weathered rock + humus
- Transported soil differs from underlying bedrock (residual matches)
- Streams are the primary agent of erosion (sorted, rounded sediments)
Rock Types and Stratigraphy
- Sedimentary rocks form from compressed sediments (strata, fossils)
- Igneous rocks form from melted and cooled materials (fast cool = small crystals)
- Metamorphic rocks form from heat and pressure (banded, distorted)
- Mineral properties depend on atomic arrangement
- Silicon and oxygen are important mineral components
- Strata (flat layers) are most likely to contain fossils
- Index fossils are good time markers (widely spread, short life)
- Undisturbed strata (layers) indicate older at bottom
- Intrusions and faults are younger than surrounding rocks
- Unconformity means erosion
Seismic Waves
- P waves (primary) are faster than S waves (secondary)
- P waves travel through solids and liquids; S waves through solids only
- Determining the difference in arrival time of P and S waves at seismic stations allows locating an epicentre. Requires 3 seismometer stations.
Other Important Concepts
- Ocean elevation is zero
- Hatch marks (////) indicate depression on a map
- Study diagrams, underline key words, use reference tables when needed
- Half-life of a radioactive element remains constant
- Uranium-235 dates old rocks, carbon-14 dates recent living things
- Porosity does not depend on particle size; permeability increases with particle size; capillarity increases when particle size decreases
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Description
Explore fascinating facts about Earth's structure and processes in this quiz. Learn about density, tectonic plate movements, and geographical coordinates. Perfect for students looking to deepen their understanding of Earth science topics!
