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Questions and Answers
Which direct adrenergic agonist is known to have a mixed agonist action and is rapidly inactivated?
Which direct adrenergic agonist is known to have a mixed agonist action and is rapidly inactivated?
- Norepinephrine
- Dopamine
- Phenylephrine
- Epinephrine (correct)
What are the ocular toxic side effects associated with topical application of epinephrine?
What are the ocular toxic side effects associated with topical application of epinephrine?
- Madarosis (correct)
- Iris color changes
- Corneal scarring
- Retinal detachment
Which direct adrenergic agonist is structurally similar to epinephrine and predominantly an alpha 1 agonist?
Which direct adrenergic agonist is structurally similar to epinephrine and predominantly an alpha 1 agonist?
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
- Dopamine
- Phenylephrine (correct)
What is the main clinical use of Phenylephrine at a 10% concentration?
What is the main clinical use of Phenylephrine at a 10% concentration?
Which effect is NOT associated with the use of Epinephrine?
Which effect is NOT associated with the use of Epinephrine?
Which symptom is a potential side effect of Phenylephrine use at a 0.125% concentration?
Which symptom is a potential side effect of Phenylephrine use at a 0.125% concentration?
Why are direct adrenergic agonists like Epinephrine not recommended for patients with narrow angles?
Why are direct adrenergic agonists like Epinephrine not recommended for patients with narrow angles?
'Mueller's and conjunctival arterioles' dilation is associated with which direct adrenergic agonist?
'Mueller's and conjunctival arterioles' dilation is associated with which direct adrenergic agonist?
Which ocular side effect is specifically associated with chronic use of the drug mentioned in the text?
Which ocular side effect is specifically associated with chronic use of the drug mentioned in the text?
What systemic side effect is reported in some cases after using the drug mentioned?
What systemic side effect is reported in some cases after using the drug mentioned?
Which drug interaction is NOT mentioned in relation to the drug discussed?
Which drug interaction is NOT mentioned in relation to the drug discussed?
What is a contraindication for the drug mentioned in the text?
What is a contraindication for the drug mentioned in the text?
Which indirect adrenergic agonist works by liberating norepinephrine from the presynaptic vesicle at the neuromuscular junction?
Which indirect adrenergic agonist works by liberating norepinephrine from the presynaptic vesicle at the neuromuscular junction?
What is a clinical use of Paremyd which contains a combination of 1% hydroxyamphetamine and .25% tropicamide?
What is a clinical use of Paremyd which contains a combination of 1% hydroxyamphetamine and .25% tropicamide?
Which symptom helps differentiate between central/2nd neuron and 3rd neuron Horner’s syndrome when treated with certain drugs mentioned?
Which symptom helps differentiate between central/2nd neuron and 3rd neuron Horner’s syndrome when treated with certain drugs mentioned?
What is the anesthetic action of cocaine when used in ophthalmic solutions?
What is the anesthetic action of cocaine when used in ophthalmic solutions?
Where are M4 receptors predominantly found?
Where are M4 receptors predominantly found?
Which receptor type is found in the substantia nigra in the midbrain?
Which receptor type is found in the substantia nigra in the midbrain?
What is the primary effect of M2 receptor stimulation in the heart?
What is the primary effect of M2 receptor stimulation in the heart?
Which neurotransmitter signal transduction occurs through activation of a 2nd messenger leading to increased intracellular [Ca]?
Which neurotransmitter signal transduction occurs through activation of a 2nd messenger leading to increased intracellular [Ca]?
Why is acetylcholine of no importance therapeutically?
Why is acetylcholine of no importance therapeutically?
Which drug is structurally related to acetylcholine but not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase?
Which drug is structurally related to acetylcholine but not destroyed by acetylcholinesterase?
What is the primary action of bethanechol?
What is the primary action of bethanechol?
What is the main factor that sets bethanechol apart from acetylcholine?
What is the main factor that sets bethanechol apart from acetylcholine?
Which medication is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide?
Which medication is an irreversible acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide?
Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
Which of the following medications is used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease?
What is the main use of Neostigmine in the context of myasthenia gravis?
What is the main use of Neostigmine in the context of myasthenia gravis?
Which medication is used intravenously for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
Which medication is used intravenously for the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis?
What are the side effects associated with muscarinic agonists?
What are the side effects associated with muscarinic agonists?
Which medication is derived from the belladonna alkaloid and has antimuscarinic effects?
Which medication is derived from the belladonna alkaloid and has antimuscarinic effects?
Which medication is used as an antidote for tubocurarine and neuromuscular blockers?
Which medication is used as an antidote for tubocurarine and neuromuscular blockers?
What is the therapeutic use of Echothiophate?
What is the therapeutic use of Echothiophate?
What is the mechanism of action of theophylline and aminophylline?
What is the mechanism of action of theophylline and aminophylline?
Which enzyme metabolizes theophylline?
Which enzyme metabolizes theophylline?
What is the primary side effect associated with theophylline and aminophylline?
What is the primary side effect associated with theophylline and aminophylline?
Which type of drugs are glucocorticoids in asthma management?
Which type of drugs are glucocorticoids in asthma management?
What is the primary function of maintenance therapy drugs in asthma management?
What is the primary function of maintenance therapy drugs in asthma management?
Why are glucocorticoids given as prophylactic medications in asthma?
Why are glucocorticoids given as prophylactic medications in asthma?
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