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Questions and Answers
What does the term 'hepatomegaly' refer to?
What does the term 'hepatomegaly' refer to?
Which part of the small intestine is located between the duodenum and the ileum?
Which part of the small intestine is located between the duodenum and the ileum?
What condition is indicated by the term 'dyspepsia'?
What condition is indicated by the term 'dyspepsia'?
What does 'cholecystectomy' signify?
What does 'cholecystectomy' signify?
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Which digestive disorder is characterized by chronic acid reflux?
Which digestive disorder is characterized by chronic acid reflux?
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What does the prefix 'hyper-' signify in medical terminology?
What does the prefix 'hyper-' signify in medical terminology?
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What is the function of enzymes in the digestive system?
What is the function of enzymes in the digestive system?
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What does 'emesis' mean in medical terminology?
What does 'emesis' mean in medical terminology?
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Which term describes inflammation of the stomach?
Which term describes inflammation of the stomach?
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Which portion of the small intestine is the last section before it connects to the large intestine?
Which portion of the small intestine is the last section before it connects to the large intestine?
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What is the main symptom that differentiates GERD from other digestive disorders?
What is the main symptom that differentiates GERD from other digestive disorders?
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Which procedure is specifically used to examine the colon?
Which procedure is specifically used to examine the colon?
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What condition is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity?
What condition is characterized by an accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity?
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What is the full term represented by the abbreviation 'IBD'?
What is the full term represented by the abbreviation 'IBD'?
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Which liver condition is described as chronic damage leading to liver failure?
Which liver condition is described as chronic damage leading to liver failure?
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Ahmad's heartburn and regurgitation are most consistent with which diagnosis?
Ahmad's heartburn and regurgitation are most consistent with which diagnosis?
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What type of medication has Ahmad intermittently taken for relief from his symptoms?
What type of medication has Ahmad intermittently taken for relief from his symptoms?
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What is NOT a common symptom of hemorrhoids?
What is NOT a common symptom of hemorrhoids?
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What does the term 'hepatotoxicity' refer to?
What does the term 'hepatotoxicity' refer to?
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Which of the following is a typical result of liver disease that causes a yellowing of the skin?
Which of the following is a typical result of liver disease that causes a yellowing of the skin?
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Study Notes
Digestive System Overview
- The digestive system functions to break down food, absorb nutrients, and eliminate waste.
- Key organs include the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.
Digestive System Terminology
- Duodenum: The first part of the small intestine.
- Ileum: The last part of the small intestine.
- Jejunum: The middle section of the small intestine.
- Enzyme: Organic catalyst that speeds up chemical reactions.
- Peritoneum: Large serous membrane lining the abdominal cavity.
- Emesis: Vomiting.
Combining Forms
- Gastr/o: Refers to the stomach.
- Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach.
- Lingu/o: Refers to the tongue.
- Or/o: Refers to the mouth.
- Enter/o: Refers to the intestines (usually small intestine).
- Enteropathy: Disease of the intestine.
- Hepat/o: Refers to the liver.
- Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver.
- Chol/e, Cholecyst/o: Refers to bile or gallbladder.
- Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
- Gingiv/o: Gum
- Pancreat/o: Refers to the pancreas.
Suffixes
- Pepsia: Refers to digestion.
- Dyspepsia: Indigestion or difficulty digesting.
- Eupepsia: Normal digestion.
- -ectomy: Refers to surgical removal of something.
- Appendectomy: Surgical removal of the appendix.
- Colectomy: Surgical removal of part of the colon.
- -megaly: Refers to enlargement.
- Splenomegaly: Enlargement of the spleen.
- Hepatomegaly: Enlargement of the liver.
Prefixes
- Hyper-: Excessive or over.
- Hyperemesis: Excessive vomiting.
- Hyperacidity: Excess acid in the stomach.
- Hypo-: Below normal or deficient.
- Hypogastric: Below the stomach.
- Hypoacidity: Below normal stomach acid levels.
- Dys-: Difficult or painful.
- Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing.
- Dyspepsia: Difficult or painful digestion.
Common Digestive Disorders
- Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux causing esophageal irritation.
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS): Affects the large intestine leading to abdominal pain and diarrhea.
- Ulcerative Colitis: Chronic inflammation of the colon with ulcer formation.
- Crohn's Disease: Inflammatory bowel disease affecting any part of the digestive tract.
- Ascites: Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity
- Cholelithiasis: Presence of stones in gallbladder or common bile duct.
- Hemorrhoids: Varicose veins in the rectum.
- Hematemesis: Vomiting of blood.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Endoscopy: Procedure using a camera for internal examination of the digestive tract.
- Colonoscopy: Examination of the colon using a scope.
- Barium Swallow: X-ray of the upper digestive tract after swallowing a barium solution.
Liver-Specific Medical Terminology
- Hepat/o: Liver
- Hepatopathy: Disease of the liver.
- Hepatotoxicity: Toxicity or poisoning of the liver.
- Cirrhosis: Chronic liver damage leading to liver failure.
- Jaundice: Yellowing of the skin due to elevated bilirubin levels.
Abbreviations
- The document lists common abbreviations and their full terms related to the digestive system (e.g., GERD, GI, HAV, HBV, HCV, IBD, IBS, NG, PPI, TPN).
Case Study (Patient Ahmad)
- Age: 51
- Occupation: Businessman
- Medical History: 10-year history of heartburn worsening over the past year.
- Chief Complaint: Epigastric pain, heartburn after meals and at bedtime, regurgitation (food or acid coming back up to the throat).
- History of Present Illness: Heartburn worsened over the past year; now daily symptoms including at night.
- Treatment: Prescribed proton pump inhibitor (PPI) to reduce stomach acid.
- Follow-up: Return to the clinic after 4 weeks for reassessment before endoscopy.
- Diagnosis: Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).
- Suspected Diagnosis: Erosive esophagitis, requiring further evaluation with esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD).
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Description
This quiz covers the essential functions and terminology of the digestive system. You will learn about key organs, important terms, and combining forms related to digestion. Test your knowledge on how these components work together to process food and nutrients.
