Developmental Psychology Quiz

In the context of cognitive development, which of the following best describes the function of the corpus callosum?

When a researcher is interested in studying the influence of genes on a specific trait, which term from the text refers to this concept?

According to Vygotsky's sociocultural theory, which of the following factors plays a significant role in children's learning?

Which type of prenatal testing involves analyzing a small amount of tissue to detect chromosomal abnormalities?

The Apgar test administered to newborn babies primarily assesses their:

When considering a longitudinal research design, what aspect distinguishes it from other research designs?

Which theory emphasizes that development is influenced by unconscious thoughts?

What term best describes Jose's ability to recover and walk 10 miles a week after participating in physical therapy following his stroke?

Which of the following scenarios best exemplifies positive reinforcement?

Which example demonstrates discontinuous change?

Observational learning is emphasized in which psychological theory?

According to Bronfenbrenner’s bioecological model, what do your family, peers, and school collectively represent?

What reflex is Anna demonstrating when she throws her arms out, arches her back, and brings her arms back together?

Maria, in the experiment with the clay balls, demonstrates an understanding of:

What is the main driving force that propels a child to move through Piaget's four stages of cognitive development?

Which cognitive stage involves repeating actions that involve body parts because they are joyful?

Which of the following types of thinking involves viewing knowledge and accounts as either right or wrong?

Which statement is not consistent with the information processing system view?

What distinguishes continuous development from discontinuous development in human growth?

Which of the following best represents an age-graded influence on human development?

How does developmental science differ from other disciplines when studying human growth?

What is the primary difference between cohort and non-normative life influences?

In the context of human development, what does Siegler's reference to 'abrupt change' imply?

Which statement best captures the essence of multidisciplinary developmental science?

Which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of inner drives and unconscious impulses in shaping behavior and development?

What is the primary focus of behaviorism?

Which learning process involves associating a neutral stimulus with an involuntary response?

In Freud's Psychosexual Theory, which stage occurs during the period from 3 years to 6 years of age?

Erikson's Psychosocial Theory emphasizes the role of which factors in shaping development?

Which perspective focuses on explaining how different factors interact to influence development - nature through genetic endowments and nurture through the environment?

Which theory of development emphasizes the role of unconscious thoughts?

What type of learning is highlighted in evolutionary theories of development?

In the context of research methods, what distinguishes longitudinal research designs from other designs?

Which research method focuses on directly observing and recording behaviors in real-life settings?

What distinguishes Darwinian natural selection from other evolutionary theories of development?

Which aspect of developmental psychology research methods involves studying changes in behavior over time?

In a research study focused on the association between spatial processing and arithmetic, which type of research design would be most appropriate?

Which type of research design involves manipulating an independent variable to determine its effect on a dependent variable?

When designing a research study to test the association between spatial processing and arithmetic, what is the purpose of having a control group?

Which stage of cognitive development involves repeating actions involving body parts because they are joyful, according to Piaget's theory?

In the context of human development, which theoretical perspective emphasizes the role of inner drives and unconscious impulses?

What distinguishes longitudinal research design from other research designs?

According to Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems Theory, individuals are embedded in a series of contexts. Which of the following best represents one of these contexts?

Ethology & Evolutionary Developmental Theory applies principles of evolution to understand development. What role does Darwinian natural selection play in this theory?

In the context of human development, what is the primary goal of creating a study guide to compare and contrast different theoretical perspectives such as Psychoanalysis, Behavioral, and Cognitive theories?

When studying the influence of genetics on a specific trait, which research design would be most suitable to determine causal relationships?

Which of the following best describes the interaction between genetics and the social environment in influencing human development according to Ethology & Evolutionary Developmental Theory?

What distinguishes a longitudinal research design from other research designs when studying human development?

What is the primary advantage of a longitudinal research design when studying human development?

In the context of research designs for human development, what is a major limitation of cross-sectional studies?

Which statement best captures the essence of a sequential research design when studying human development?

What distinguishes a cohort-sequential research design from traditional longitudinal or cross-sectional designs?

In developmental research, what is a common challenge faced when using a cross-sectional design?

Why are cohort effects particularly problematic in cross-sectional studies of human development?

What is a key difference between sequential and cross-sectional research designs?

In the context of data collection methods, what distinguishes self-report from observational methods?

What does Diffusion Tensor Imaging measure in the brain?

Which brain imaging method focuses on measuring anatomical and functional brain changes?

What does Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) measure in the brain?

What type of data does computer paradigms in data collection methods focus on?

During which period of development does the appearance of bone and rapid growth occur?

Which trimester of pregnancy is associated with the growth of lanugo and vernix caseosa?

What process involves the differentiation of stem cells into the neural tube?

Which type of development involves growth from the midline outward?

What serious outcome can result from defects during the period of cell division into layers?

What brain imaging method focuses on measuring brain function by detecting the different light absorptive properties of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin?

During which prenatal developmental period does the formation of all organs and major body systems occur?

What aspect of a zygote marks the formation of a protective circle around an inner cell cluster from which the embryo will develop?

Which brain imaging method employs a technique to estimate the location and orientation of white matter tracts by measuring water molecule diffusion?

What is the primary focus of Electroencephalography (EEG) in brain imaging methods?

Which period of prenatal development marks the time when a zygote travels down the fallopian tube towards the uterus, beginning cell division?

Which type of gene-environment correlation is exemplified in the scenario where Marcus, age 14, chose to take honors classes and subsequently increased his IQ?

In the scenario with Keisha and her son Marcus, what type of gene-environment correlation is likely at play when Keisha's mood affects her interactions with Marcus, potentially predisposing him to later mood or behavior problems?

Which gene-environment correlation is showcased in the scenario where Keisha's mood and stress level affect her interactions with her child Marcus?

When an individual's genes influence their selective attention to different aspects of the environment, what type of gene-environment correlation is at play?

Which type of gene-environment correlation is primarily seen in the scenario where Marcus, age 18, not only has natural gifts but also worked hard in high school to excel?

In the context of the provided scenarios, which type of gene-environment correlation is most evident when an individual's genes influence their behavior, which in turn modifies the environment?

Which type of gene-environment correlation is characterized by an individual's genes correlating with their early environment?

In gene-environment correlations, which type involves an individual's genes influencing the way others respond to them?

Which type of gene-environment correlation is characterized by an individual's genes influencing the way that others respond to them?

If an individual's genes will not correlate with their early environment, what type of gene-environment correlation is being described?

What type of gene-environment correlation involves an individual's environment affecting gene expression?

Which type of gene-environment correlation is characterized by an individual's environment affecting gene expression?

In the context of gene-environment correlation, which type is described when an individual's active choices align with their genetic predispositions?

Which term best describes the phenomenon where a child's genetically influenced behavior evokes certain responses from the environment?

When a child inherits genetic tendencies for aggressiveness and is raised in a family with hostile interactions, what type of gene-environment correlation is observed?

Which type of gene-environment correlation occurs when parents provide environments that are influenced by their own heritable traits?

If a child with a genetic propensity for musical talent seeks out music lessons, what type of gene-environment correlation is at play?

When a genetically predisposed introverted child consistently seeks out solitary activities, what type of gene-environment correlation is exemplified?

What is the term used to describe the wide range of potential expressions of a genetic trait depending on environmental opportunities and constraints?

Which concept in gene-environment interactions involves heredity narrowing the range of development to only one or a few outcomes?

In the provided examples, a child who is shy and chooses environments that match their genes may end up in situations where they don't interact with people. This is an illustration of:

Which of the following terms refers to the genetic susceptibility to the environment in gene-environment interactions?

When discussing gene-environment interplay, what term describes the phenomenon where a child's genetically influenced behavior evokes certain responses from the environment?

In gene-environment interactions, what do Caspi et al., 2002, Science primarily focus on?

In the context of GxE interactions, when a phenotype shows no effect of gene or environment, which combination of genotype and environment would likely be observed?

Which scenario best represents a GxE interaction where there is an effect of the gene but not the environment on the phenotype?

Which statement accurately describes the Epigenetic Framework as mentioned in the text?

When considering Gene-Environment Interactions, which situation showcases an effect of both gene and phenotype but not the environment?

According to the text provided, what characterizes an example of Gene-Environment Interactions where there is a significant interaction between gene and environment?

What aspect does the Epigenetic Framework emphasize in relation to developmental outcomes?

What is the primary role of glial cells in brain development?

Which type of brain plasticity refers to the brain's ability to change in response to specific environmental input or experiences?

Which part of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

During which developmental period does the brain experience major growth with neurons and glial cells enlarging?

How do socioeconomic status (SES) and brain measures correlate across development according to the text?

What concept describes the ability of the brain to adapt its structure and function in response to environmental stimuli?

What process describes the brain making more connections than it needs and then eliminating unused neural connections?

Which term refers to the process of the brain hemispheres specializing in carrying out different functions?

In which phase of brain development does puberty trigger increases in synaptogenesis and myelination?

Which brain structure is primarily responsible for emotional processing?

What is the process where glial cells produce and coat axons of neurons with fatty myelin to speed up neural transmission?

What is the term used to describe the decrease in response to a stimulus as a result of repeated exposure in infants?

What sensory capability develops before birth, allowing infants to experience pain?

At what age do newborns typically reach adult-level color vision?

Which sensory ability is well developed at birth, enabling infants to differentiate between certain stimuli?

What type of perception allows infants to perceive the distance of objects from each other and from themselves?

What age-related sensory change is directly related to a deterioration of ear structures?

In the context of developmental psychology, when does vision typically reach adult level in infants?

Which sensory system is involved in intermodal perception, where information from different senses is combined to understand the world?

What best characterizes the Preferential Looking Paradigm in studying perception in infants?

Which sense, critical for early learning, leads to the loss of central vision in older adults due to the degeneration of cells in the retina?

Which sense is most well-developed at birth according to the text?

What sensory change in adulthood is characterized by the inability to focus the lens on close objects?

Which area of the brain is responsible for controlling the body's position in space?

What motor skill tends to decline with age according to the provided text?

According to Libertus et al., 2015, what are two key aspects that influence motor development through practice?

What characterizes fine motor development?

In what way does motor development reflect interactions according to the text?

How do motor skills typically change as individuals age?

In Piaget's Cognitive-Developmental Perspective, what concept refers to the balance between assimilation and accommodation?

During which stage of Piaget's cognitive development do infants repeat actions involving body parts that produce pleasurable or interesting results?

What skill is developed when infants purposefully coordinate two secondary circular reactions and apply them in new situations to achieve a goal?

Which cognitive milestone involves understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not in the infant's sensory awareness?

What distinguishes the Secondary Circular Reactions from Primary Circular Reactions in Piaget's Sensorimotor Substages?

Which stage in Piaget's cognitive development involves thinking about an object using mental pictures?

What characterizes Piaget's Substage 5 of Sensorimotor development?

In Piaget's Sensorimotor Reasoning Stage, what is an A-not-B error?

What is the core idea of Core Knowledge Perspective?

In the context of Piaget's Sensorimotor Reasoning Stage, what are Violation-of-Expectation Tasks?

What distinguishes Substage 6 of Piaget's Sensorimotor development?

Which theory emphasizes that infants are born with innate knowledge systems enabling early rapid learning?

Which cognitive ability in Middle Childhood involves ordering objects in a series based on a physical dimension?

What marks the beginning of Formal Operational Reasoning in Adolescence?

What is a common challenge many adults face in adolescence based on the text?

Which of the following abilities emerges around 11 years of age in adolescents?

What distinguishes Concrete Operational Reasoning from Formal Operational Reasoning?

Which cognitive change occurs during early childhood according to the text?

What is a characteristic of egocentrism in young children?

What does 'animism' refer to in the context of early childhood reasoning?

What is the significance of the appearance-reality distinction task for preoperational children?

Which cognitive milestone characterizes middle childhood reasoning?

What does 'conservation' entail in cognitive development during middle childhood?

What is the main criticism of Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective mentioned in the text?

According to Vygotsky, what does the Zone of Proximal Development represent?

Which term in cognitive development refers to the capacity to integrate positive and negative feelings about complex issues?

What kind of teaching involves a partner attuned to a child's needs, aiding them beyond their solo capabilities?

In cognitive development, what is the function of scaffolding?

Which aspect of cognitive development involves the use of logic to solve everyday problems?

Which approach suggests that cognitive development arises through interactions between children and other people who help them acquire skills valued by their culture?

What did Piaget's theories understate about the contribution of the social world to cognitive development?

Which concept characterizes thinking as more consistent than it actually is, according to the information provided?

What does Vygotsky's Sociocultural Perspective emphasize in terms of guiding children's cognitive development?

Which statement reflects a criticism of Piaget's theories regarding infants and young children?

What concept from Vygotsky's theory suggests that social experiences play a crucial role in shaping a child's cognitive abilities?

What is the primary function of the Central Executive in the Information Processing System?

Which cognitive activity is NOT considered an Executive Function according to the text?

What characterizes the Working Memory tasks that adults outperform children on?

In the context of memory strategies, what do children become better at across childhood?

What distinguishes a cognitive strategy of 'rehearsal' in memory strategies?

Which brain activity changes with age during working memory tasks, according to Kwon et al., 2002?

Which type of memory involves the ability to recognize a stimulus one has encountered before?

What role does the Central Executive play in the information processing system?

In what type of memory would a child store descriptions of what occurs in a particular situation?

What is the primary purpose of the Cerebellum in relation to memory processing?

What type of memory involves remembering personally meaningful events at specific times and places?

How does sleep contribute to memory and learning according to the text?

What aspect of executive function in childhood involves selectively attending to specific information and ignoring irrelevant information?

How did exposure to formal education impact the performance of 5-to-6-year-old children on EF tasks according to Brod et al., 2017?

Which neural system was highlighted as improving with formal education in the study by Brod et al., 2017?

What was the primary focus of the Hearts and Flowers EF Task used in the study by Brod et al., 2017?

What type of tasks require the Central Executive system to coordinate performance according to the text?

In the context of knowledge structures in childhood, what is a key function of the Central Executive system?

How do sociocultural theories differ from Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development?

What is the role of the Central Executive in the information processing system?

What characterizes Selective Attention in the context of information processing?

In the context of Information Processing, what is a key aspect of Executive Functions?

What milestones are typically seen in Attention development according to Richards et al., 2010?

What challenges do young children typically face with Selective Attention?