week3_lect1_genetics_part2Jan22.pdf

Gene – Environment Interplay: Part 2 Chapter 2 Week 3, Lecture 1, January 22, 2024 1 Come up with your own examples! Passive My example Genetic Trait In Parents Parents are shy - pass on shy genes on to child Parents Create Environment to match Genes Parents do not go out a lot or have people over O...

Gene – Environment Interplay: Part 2 Chapter 2 Week 3, Lecture 1, January 22, 2024 1 Come up with your own examples! Passive My example Genetic Trait In Parents Parents are shy - pass on shy genes on to child Parents Create Environment to match Genes Parents do not go out a lot or have people over Outcome for Child Child doesn’t get practice with people is more shy Your example Evocative My example Child’s actions according to their genes Shy child doesn’t go up to other kids, doesn’t talk when greeted Reactions by people changes environment to match genes Other people leave child alone. Don’t invite them over to play as much Outcome for Child Child doesn’t get practice with people is more shy Your example Active My example Your example Child’s genetically based talent or trait Child is shy Child chooses environment to match genes Child chooses classes, major or job that doesn’t involve interacting with people Outcome for Child Child doesn’t get practice with people is more shy Gene–Environment (GxE) Interactions GxE interaction refers to the genetic susceptibility to the environment Caspi et al., 2002, Science 3 GxE Interactions Caspi et al., 2002, Science 4 Constraints to GxE Interactions Range of Reaction: Wide range of potential expressions of genetic trait, depending on environmental opportunities and constraints Canalization: Heredity narrows range of development to only one or a few outcomes. GxE Interaction: Another example G1 G2 E1 E2 6 GxE Interaction: Another example Phenotype ▰ No Effect of Gene or Environment Genotype1 Genotype2 Environment1 Environment2 7 GxE Interaction: Another example ▰ Effect of Environment Phenotype Phenotype ▰ Effect of Gene E1 E2 G1 G2 E1 E2 8 GxE Interaction: Another example ▰ Effect of Gene AND Phenotype Phenotype Environment ▰ Gene X Environment E1 E2 G1 G2 E1 E2 9 Gene Environment Interactions P E1 E2 E1 E2 g = sig. e = sig. g ´ e = sig. P E1 E2 g = sig. e = n.s. g ´ e = sig. P 10 Epigenetic Framework Epigenetics: environmental influences that affect gene expression Development results from ongoing reciprocal interactions between genetic and environment. 11 Supplemental Resources I have uploaded a paper that was published in a journal called Frontiers for Young Minds, it’s a journal intended for lay audience. YoungMinds_GenexEnvironment It includes a nice analogy and easy to understand description of behavioural genetics https://www.youtube.com/watch? v=_aAhcNjmvhc Next class…. Brain Development 13