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Questions and Answers
What was the purpose of raising a child in isolation in Ancient Egypt?
What was the purpose of raising a child in isolation in Ancient Egypt?
Which of the following describes 'Controlled-Rearing' studies?
Which of the following describes 'Controlled-Rearing' studies?
What was the outcome for the children raised in isolation by Psammetichus II?
What was the outcome for the children raised in isolation by Psammetichus II?
In the context of the child abuse case known as Genie, what significant aspect of development was neglected?
In the context of the child abuse case known as Genie, what significant aspect of development was neglected?
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What aspect of psychology does 'Nature' refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
What aspect of psychology does 'Nature' refer to in the nature vs. nurture debate?
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What is the primary concern for pregnant women when changing cat litter?
What is the primary concern for pregnant women when changing cat litter?
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What are potential symptoms of toxoplasmosis in affected individuals?
What are potential symptoms of toxoplasmosis in affected individuals?
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How has the understanding of nature versus nurture influenced psychology?
How has the understanding of nature versus nurture influenced psychology?
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What is one of the key research designs used to study heredity and environmental influences?
What is one of the key research designs used to study heredity and environmental influences?
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Which of the following best describes a non-shared environmental effect?
Which of the following best describes a non-shared environmental effect?
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What is a significant implication of toxic stress on the brain?
What is a significant implication of toxic stress on the brain?
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Which historical figure is most notably linked with the first modern theory of inheritance?
Which historical figure is most notably linked with the first modern theory of inheritance?
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What is one potential question raised by advancements in genetic testing?
What is one potential question raised by advancements in genetic testing?
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What is the primary structure formed during the germinal phase of development?
What is the primary structure formed during the germinal phase of development?
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During what phase does cell differentiation primarily take place?
During what phase does cell differentiation primarily take place?
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What term describes the process by which cells become more specific and take on different functions?
What term describes the process by which cells become more specific and take on different functions?
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Which type of cells remain identical during the zygote stage?
Which type of cells remain identical during the zygote stage?
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What phenomenon describes the travel of fetal cells throughout a woman's body?
What phenomenon describes the travel of fetal cells throughout a woman's body?
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What process is responsible for the removal of cells that are no longer needed during development?
What process is responsible for the removal of cells that are no longer needed during development?
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What important structure forms from the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo around day 22?
What important structure forms from the top layer of differentiated cells in the embryo around day 22?
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What term describes cells that have the ability to transform into any other cell type in the body?
What term describes cells that have the ability to transform into any other cell type in the body?
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What percentage of genes do identical twins share?
What percentage of genes do identical twins share?
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What does the heritability coefficient (H) measure?
What does the heritability coefficient (H) measure?
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In an adoptive-twin study, what is primarily compared?
In an adoptive-twin study, what is primarily compared?
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Which of the following was reported to have strong heritability according to the Minnesota Twin Study?
Which of the following was reported to have strong heritability according to the Minnesota Twin Study?
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What is NOT true about heritability and traits?
What is NOT true about heritability and traits?
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What role does the environment play in relation to genetics?
What role does the environment play in relation to genetics?
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According to Lamarck's theory, how are traits passed down to offspring?
According to Lamarck's theory, how are traits passed down to offspring?
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Which factor was linked to shorter life expectancy in descendants of those who experienced food scarcity followed by abundance?
Which factor was linked to shorter life expectancy in descendants of those who experienced food scarcity followed by abundance?
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What does the epigenome control?
What does the epigenome control?
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How does perception differ from sensation?
How does perception differ from sensation?
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In terms of sensory processing, which of the following is considered 'high-level' processing?
In terms of sensory processing, which of the following is considered 'high-level' processing?
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Which of the following statements about monozygotic twins is accurate?
Which of the following statements about monozygotic twins is accurate?
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How does the plasticity of the brain relate to recovery from damage?
How does the plasticity of the brain relate to recovery from damage?
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Study Notes
Developmental Studies
- Developmental studies can be used to test predictions about how different experiences influence our psychology and phenotype.
- Controlled-rearing studies, like the "Genie" case, study how deprivation early in life can affect development.
- The ancient Egyptian experiment involved raising children in isolation to determine their first words.
- Cat studies investigate how being raised in darkness affects depth perception and fear of heights.
Nature vs. Nurture
- The debate considers the relative contributions of genetics and environment to our characteristics.
- Germinal, embryonic, and fetal phases are critical periods of development.
Germinal Phase
- Starts with conception and lasts for the first 2 weeks.
- The fertilized egg divides rapidly through mitosis.
- A hollow, spherical structure called a blastocyst forms.
Major Developmental Processes
- Cell division, migration, differentiation, and death play critical roles in development.
- Cell migration occurs not only within the embryo but also to various tissues in the mother's body.
- This maternal microchimerism might contribute to the development of certain tissues, such as breast milk and blood production.
Embryonic Phase
- Occurs from the 3rd to 8th weeks after conception.
- Cell differentiation becomes crucial, as cells specialize into various functions.
- Stem cells can differentiate into any cell type in the body, demonstrating their importance in this phase.
- The neural tube, crucial for brain development, forms around 22 days after conception.
- Toxic stress can have long-lasting detrimental effects on brain development.
Genes and Heritability
- Heritability refers to the proportion of variation in a trait that is attributable to genetic influences in a population.
- Twin studies, adoption studies, and DNA testing are tools used to study heritability.
- Family studies examine the correlation of traits between individuals with different degrees of genetic similarity.
- Shared and non-shared environments can influence trait variation.
Epigenetics
- Epigenetics explores how environmental factors can change gene expression.
- The epigenome can be inherited across generations, suggesting how experiences can have long-term impacts.
- Smoking and malnutrition during pregnancy can alter the epigenome and affect descendants.
Heredity
- Identical twins reared apart show high similarity in traits, indicating the significant influence of genetics.
- However, environment also plays a role, as twins reared together often display differences.
Perception
- Perception is the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information.
- Vision is an illusion that relies on our brains making educated guesses about the world.
Sensation
- It's the low-level processing of information from the senses.
- It provides input to perception, which then interprets the data.
- Perception involves constructing a unified interpretation of sensory inputs.
Infant Perception
- Infant perception is remarkable, suggesting innate abilities and the importance of early experiences.
- Studies have shown the presence of depth perception in infants, despite their limited visual experience.
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Description
Explore the fascinating intersection of nature and nurture in developmental psychology. This quiz covers critical phases of development, including the germinal phase, and studies that examine how experiences can influence psychological and physical traits. Challenge your knowledge of key concepts and experiments that shape our understanding of human development.
