Developmental Psychology: Body and Health

A phenomenon in which children who have experienced growth deficits will grow rapidly and catch up to the growth trajectory they are genetically programmed to follow.

Growth occurs in a head-to-tail direction.

Growth of muscles from the center outward to extremities. Chest and internal organs develop before arms, and fingers grow later. The trunk fills out before the arms.

<p>Development starts globally and undifferentiated and moves toward increasing differentiation and hierarchical integration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Economic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stress response</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to healthcare</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The growth of synapses, most apparent during childhood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A nerve cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A junction where information is transmitted from one neuron to the next.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The removal of unnecessary synapses. It is important for optimizing brain function and creating efficient neural networks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Change in neural connections caused by learning or a response to injury. While it means the developing brain is highly vulnerable, it is also highly adaptable and successful in recoveries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Survival reflexes have clear adaptive value, such as breathing, eye-blinking, and sucking. Primitive reflexes, while not clearly useful, normally disappear within the first year of life and may reemerge following frontal lobe lesions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Walking</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Organized sleep-wake patterns indicate that the nervous system is developing as expected.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Breastfeeding increases myelination, which is associated with stronger cognitive skills.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defects present at birth either from genetic factors or prenatal events, including a wide range of problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The organization of the brain into right and left hemispheres, with each hemisphere performing unique and specialized functions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Sequential processing, needed for analytic reasoning and language processing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Accidents</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The processes of biological change that result in attaining sexual maturity and becoming capable of producing a baby.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray matter undergoes an inverted U pattern, associated with synaptogenesis just before puberty followed by a period of heightened pruning of synapses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gray matter helps us process information and is fully developed in our 20s.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The limbic reward system matures earlier than the prefrontal control areas of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Early exposure to drugs and alcohol</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The beginning of adrenal secretion, between ages 6 and 8.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adrenal hormones are secreted by the adrenal glands and contribute to secondary sex characteristics, such as pubic hair production, in addition to gonadal hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A century-long decline in the average age at which children reach puberty and greater body size in the developed world, such as menarche from age 17 to 12.5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low levels of anxiety and depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Less body dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adolescent circadian rhythms shift later and later.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The process of generating new neurons. Yes, it may be possible in the adult brain, although at a lower rate than during development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>May be capable of neurogenesis (though less common than during development), less angiogenesis, less neuroplasticity, aging associated with gradual and relatively mild degeneration of the nervous system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Regular upkeep of the brain, cognitive performance may be maintained in old age when brain activity is maintained. This can be achieved through engaging in mentally stimulating activities, physical exercise, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A stockpile of neural resources that we save up over our lifetime. It can be increased with exercise, education, learning new skills, participating in cognitively demanding work and social activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Our ability to quickly enlist the help of other neural resources when we are faced with a challenging task.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syndrome involving physical and emotional symptoms as females progress through their menstrual cycles. It can be severe enough to interfere with daily activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A severe form of PMS, it includes affective symptoms in addition to physical symptoms associated with the menstrual cycle, and it can be disabling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The time of natural cessation of menstruation; also refers to the biological changes a woman experiences as her ability to reproduce declines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The inability of a male to attain or maintain an erection sufficient to perform sexual intercourse.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Degenerative joint disease involving their inflammation, common in people over 65.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A condition in which the body's bones become weak and break easily, common among people 65 and over.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Health disparity and health inequity are synonymous terms that refer to differences in health and healthcare that occur between groups of people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Care attuned to a patient's diversity and the cultural factors that might affect health and health care.</p> Signup and view all the answers