Sensitivity to Developmental Age in Psychology

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Questions and Answers

What is a significant factor that contributes to the development of ASD?

Prenatal exposure to toxins (correct)

Low socioeconomic status

Parental age at conception

Parental education level

Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for IDD?

Deficits in adaptive functioning (correct)

Onset of symptoms after age 18

Heightened sensory processing

Deficits in social communication

What aspect of behavior is commonly observed in children with ASD?

Echolalia and preservative speech (correct)

Imitation of adult behaviors

High levels of eye contact

Frequent social initiating

Which of the following statements about the onset of IDD is true?

Onset must occur before age 18 Signup and view all the answers

Which two groups are highlighted in the two-group approach towards IDD?

Organic and cultural-familial Signup and view all the answers

What is a common social behavior exhibited by children with ASD?

Preference for parallel play Signup and view all the answers

Which psychosocial treatment is commonly applied to children with ASD?

Family-oriented strategies Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of children with ASD do not develop functional language?

30-40% Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common underlying feature of dyslexia?

Inability to distinguish sounds in spoken words Signup and view all the answers

Which presentation of ADHD is characterized by a tendency to be easily distracted and disorganized?

Predominantly inattentive presentation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following difficulties is most commonly overlooked in gifted individuals?

SLDS (Specific Learning Disabilities) Signup and view all the answers

What developmental disorder is associated with higher rates of enuresis and encopresis?

ADHD Signup and view all the answers

In which gender are Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDS) found to be more common?

More common in males Signup and view all the answers

Positive illusory bias in individuals with ADHD refers to what?

Exaggerating their own competence Signup and view all the answers

Which difficulty is NOT commonly associated with dyslexia?

High levels of social support Signup and view all the answers

Which approach is likely to address learning difficulties through specific instructional methods?

Response to Intervention models Signup and view all the answers

Which classification strategy emphasizes the unique situation of the child?

Idiographic strategies Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of diagnosis in the context of child psychopathology?

To analyze information and conclude the nature of the problem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about dimensional classification?

It suggests that all children have dimensions to varying degrees. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant aspect of early intervention in child psychopathology?

It is crucial for improving future behavior. Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment tool is designed for children aged 6 to 18 and evaluates their behaviors?

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of semi-structured interviews in child psychological assessment?

They typically yield higher reliability. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a key feature of categorical classification?

It assumes each diagnosis has a clear underlying cause. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of child psychopathology, what does prognosis refer to?

Predictions about future behavior Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Clinical Description and Diagnosis

Psychological disorders encompass thoughts, feelings, and behaviors impacting functioning.
Diagnosis involves analyzing data to determine the problem's nature.
Prognosis predicts future behaviors based on current assessments.
Treatment planning requires applying assessments to develop and evaluate treatment effectiveness.

Assessment Methods

Unstructured assessments often lead to low reliability and biased results.
Semi-structured interviews increase reliability by incorporating specific questions.
Evaluations capture the child's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings across different environments.
ABCs (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) framework aids in understanding behavior patterns.

Child Behavior Assessment Tools

Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) applicable for ages 6-18.
Early intervention is crucial for effective treatment outcomes.
Ambiguous stimuli can be utilized for behavioral assessments.
MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and PIC-2 are relevant psychometric tools.
Explore objective measures linking brain functions with child behavior.

Classification of Psychopathology

A system categorizes major dimensions of child psychopathology.
Idiographic strategies focus on the individual child's unique situation.
Nomothetic strategies classify issues within existing diagnostic frameworks.
Categorical classification assumes a clear underlying cause for each diagnosis, while dimensional classification recognizes varying degrees of independent dimensions.

Developmental Disorders

Disabilities include Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), communication disorders, specific learning disorder, ADHD, and motor disorders.
Emotional and behavioral challenges arise from both genetic and environmental influences.
Neurobiological influences alongside psychosocial dimensions shape child development.

Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)

Defined by limitations in intelligence and adaptive functioning, evident before age 18.
Symptoms manifest in expected developmental progression.
Two-group approach distinguishes between organic and cultural-familial causes of IDD.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

Characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
Symptoms typically emerge during early developmental stages, hindering various areas of functioning.
Factors influencing ASD include preference for solitary activities and reduced social engagement.
Language development issues, such as echolalia and preservative speech, are prevalent.
IDD is commonly co-occurring with ASD.

Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs)

SLDs present challenges in academic skills, particularly in language processing and mathematics.
Dyslexia reflects difficulties in sound distinctions and sight word recognition.
SLDs are more frequently identified in males, impacting social adjustment differently by gender.

ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)

ADHD presents in three forms: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combined presentation (ADHD-C).
Inattention includes distractibility, disorganization, and forgetfulness.
ADHD symptoms may coexist with executive function challenges.
Positive illusory bias can lead to inflated self-assessments of competence.
Higher rates of enuresis, encopresis, and asthma associated with ADHD.

Educational and Intervention Strategies

Inclusion movement aims to integrate children with developmental disorders into mainstream settings.
Response to Intervention (RTI) models support customized educational approaches.
Instructional methods include behavioral strategies, cognitive interventions, and computer-assisted learning to enhance learning experiences.

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Description

This quiz focuses on the importance of sensitivity to developmental age when assessing psychological disorders. It covers clinical descriptions, diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning related to various psychological conditions. Test your knowledge on how these factors influence the understanding and management of mental health issues.