Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a significant factor that contributes to the development of ASD?
What is a significant factor that contributes to the development of ASD?
- Prenatal exposure to toxins (correct)
- Low socioeconomic status
- Parental age at conception
- Parental education level
Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for IDD?
Which of the following is a key diagnostic criterion for IDD?
- Deficits in adaptive functioning (correct)
- Onset of symptoms after age 18
- Heightened sensory processing
- Deficits in social communication
What aspect of behavior is commonly observed in children with ASD?
What aspect of behavior is commonly observed in children with ASD?
- Echolalia and preservative speech (correct)
- Imitation of adult behaviors
- High levels of eye contact
- Frequent social initiating
Which of the following statements about the onset of IDD is true?
Which of the following statements about the onset of IDD is true?
Which two groups are highlighted in the two-group approach towards IDD?
Which two groups are highlighted in the two-group approach towards IDD?
What is a common social behavior exhibited by children with ASD?
What is a common social behavior exhibited by children with ASD?
Which psychosocial treatment is commonly applied to children with ASD?
Which psychosocial treatment is commonly applied to children with ASD?
What percentage of children with ASD do not develop functional language?
What percentage of children with ASD do not develop functional language?
What is the most common underlying feature of dyslexia?
What is the most common underlying feature of dyslexia?
Which presentation of ADHD is characterized by a tendency to be easily distracted and disorganized?
Which presentation of ADHD is characterized by a tendency to be easily distracted and disorganized?
Which of the following difficulties is most commonly overlooked in gifted individuals?
Which of the following difficulties is most commonly overlooked in gifted individuals?
What developmental disorder is associated with higher rates of enuresis and encopresis?
What developmental disorder is associated with higher rates of enuresis and encopresis?
In which gender are Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDS) found to be more common?
In which gender are Specific Learning Disabilities (SLDS) found to be more common?
Positive illusory bias in individuals with ADHD refers to what?
Positive illusory bias in individuals with ADHD refers to what?
Which difficulty is NOT commonly associated with dyslexia?
Which difficulty is NOT commonly associated with dyslexia?
Which approach is likely to address learning difficulties through specific instructional methods?
Which approach is likely to address learning difficulties through specific instructional methods?
Which classification strategy emphasizes the unique situation of the child?
Which classification strategy emphasizes the unique situation of the child?
What is the main goal of diagnosis in the context of child psychopathology?
What is the main goal of diagnosis in the context of child psychopathology?
Which of the following statements is true about dimensional classification?
Which of the following statements is true about dimensional classification?
What is a significant aspect of early intervention in child psychopathology?
What is a significant aspect of early intervention in child psychopathology?
Which assessment tool is designed for children aged 6 to 18 and evaluates their behaviors?
Which assessment tool is designed for children aged 6 to 18 and evaluates their behaviors?
What is a common characteristic of semi-structured interviews in child psychological assessment?
What is a common characteristic of semi-structured interviews in child psychological assessment?
Which of the following describes a key feature of categorical classification?
Which of the following describes a key feature of categorical classification?
In the context of child psychopathology, what does prognosis refer to?
In the context of child psychopathology, what does prognosis refer to?
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Study Notes
Clinical Description and Diagnosis
- Psychological disorders encompass thoughts, feelings, and behaviors impacting functioning.
- Diagnosis involves analyzing data to determine the problem's nature.
- Prognosis predicts future behaviors based on current assessments.
- Treatment planning requires applying assessments to develop and evaluate treatment effectiveness.
Assessment Methods
- Unstructured assessments often lead to low reliability and biased results.
- Semi-structured interviews increase reliability by incorporating specific questions.
- Evaluations capture the child's behaviors, thoughts, and feelings across different environments.
- ABCs (Antecedent-Behavior-Consequence) framework aids in understanding behavior patterns.
Child Behavior Assessment Tools
- Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) applicable for ages 6-18.
- Early intervention is crucial for effective treatment outcomes.
- Ambiguous stimuli can be utilized for behavioral assessments.
- MMPI (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory) and PIC-2 are relevant psychometric tools.
- Explore objective measures linking brain functions with child behavior.
Classification of Psychopathology
- A system categorizes major dimensions of child psychopathology.
- Idiographic strategies focus on the individual child's unique situation.
- Nomothetic strategies classify issues within existing diagnostic frameworks.
- Categorical classification assumes a clear underlying cause for each diagnosis, while dimensional classification recognizes varying degrees of independent dimensions.
Developmental Disorders
- Disabilities include Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), communication disorders, specific learning disorder, ADHD, and motor disorders.
- Emotional and behavioral challenges arise from both genetic and environmental influences.
- Neurobiological influences alongside psychosocial dimensions shape child development.
Intellectual Developmental Disorder (IDD)
- Defined by limitations in intelligence and adaptive functioning, evident before age 18.
- Symptoms manifest in expected developmental progression.
- Two-group approach distinguishes between organic and cultural-familial causes of IDD.
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Characterized by deficits in social communication and interaction, and restricted, repetitive behaviors.
- Symptoms typically emerge during early developmental stages, hindering various areas of functioning.
- Factors influencing ASD include preference for solitary activities and reduced social engagement.
- Language development issues, such as echolalia and preservative speech, are prevalent.
- IDD is commonly co-occurring with ASD.
Specific Learning Disorders (SLDs)
- SLDs present challenges in academic skills, particularly in language processing and mathematics.
- Dyslexia reflects difficulties in sound distinctions and sight word recognition.
- SLDs are more frequently identified in males, impacting social adjustment differently by gender.
ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
- ADHD presents in three forms: predominantly inattentive (ADHD-PI), predominantly hyperactive-impulsive (ADHD-HI), and combined presentation (ADHD-C).
- Inattention includes distractibility, disorganization, and forgetfulness.
- ADHD symptoms may coexist with executive function challenges.
- Positive illusory bias can lead to inflated self-assessments of competence.
- Higher rates of enuresis, encopresis, and asthma associated with ADHD.
Educational and Intervention Strategies
- Inclusion movement aims to integrate children with developmental disorders into mainstream settings.
- Response to Intervention (RTI) models support customized educational approaches.
- Instructional methods include behavioral strategies, cognitive interventions, and computer-assisted learning to enhance learning experiences.
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