d-Block Elements Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What happens to the valence s-electrons of d-block atoms when they form cations?

Valence s-electrons are lost first. (correct)

Valence s-electrons are converted to d-electrons.

Valence s-electrons are lost last.

Valence s-electrons remain unchanged.

Which electron configuration represents iron (Fe) in its +2 oxidation state?

[Ar]3d5

[Ar]3d6 (correct)

[Ar]4s2

[Ar]3d64s2

Which d-block element is considered the best electrical conductor?

Iron (Fe)

Copper (Cu)

Gold (Au) (correct)

Mercury (Hg)

What characteristic is NOT true for d-block elements?

They usually have low melting points. Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about oxidation numbers in d-block elements is correct?

Elements close to the center have the widest range of oxidation numbers. Signup and view all the answers

What trend is observed in the atomic radii of d-block elements from Sc to Ni?

Atomic radii decrease due to increasing nuclear charge. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of d-block elements?

They are typically reactive nonmetals. Signup and view all the answers

Which element has a +3 oxidation state that is characteristic of its position in the d-block?

Scandium (Sc) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements is liquid at room temperature?

Mercury (Hg) Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct oxidation state for manganese in the permanganate ion (MnO4–)?

+7 Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of lanthanide contraction in relation to atomic radii?

It results in similar atomic radii for elements in the second and third rows. Signup and view all the answers

Which element has the highest density among Period 6 d-block elements?

Ir Signup and view all the answers

How do first ionisation energies change across Period 4 d-block elements?

They increase due to increasing nuclear charge. Signup and view all the answers

What is the atomic mass trend observed in Period 6 compared to Period 5?

Atomic masses in Period 6 are about twice those of Period 5. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements has an atomic radius comparable to those in Period 5?

Iridium (Ir) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor influencing ionization energy across the d-block elements?

Nuclear charge. Signup and view all the answers

What conversion factor is used for measuring atomic radii in picometers?

1 pm = 10^-12 m. Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements is in Period 6 of the periodic table?

Pt Signup and view all the answers

In terms of atomic radii, what is true for elements in Period 6?

Their atomic radii are similar to those in Period 5. Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the trend of atomic radii and ionization energies across the d-block elements?

Atomic radii decrease while ionization energies increase from left to right. Signup and view all the answers

Which d-block element is primarily known for its use in aerospace technology?

Titanium (Ti) Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical formula for ferrous fumarate?

C4H2FeO4 Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following d-block metals is NOT typically classified as a precious metal?

Vanadium (V) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following elements would likely be used for catalytic applications?

Vanadium (V) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of d-block elements in pharmaceuticals?

They act as catalysts and in formulations. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an incorrect pairing of a d-block element and its application?

Titanium (Ti) - automotive Signup and view all the answers

Which d-block metal is often associated with the prevention of deficiency in infant formulas?

Iron (Fe) Signup and view all the answers

The electron configurations of d-block elements are characterized by which of the following?

d-orbitals being occupied Signup and view all the answers

How many oxidation states can d-block elements typically exhibit?

Extensive range of oxidation states Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following compounds is commonly included in multi-vitamin preparations?

CuSO4 Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

d-Block Elements

30 elements, located in groups 3-12 of the periodic table.
Exhibit diverse properties including complex formation, catalytic activity, and a wide range of oxidation states.
Used in various applications:
- Construction metals (Fe, Cu)
- Modern technologies (Ti for aerospace, V for catalysts)
- Precious metals (Ag, Pt, Au)
- Pharmaceuticals (V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mo, Ag, Au, Tc, Pt)

d-Block Element Electronic Configuration

Characterized by filling of the d orbitals with electrons, hence the "d-block" designation.
d-electrons are more strongly bound than valence s-electrons.
When forming cations, valence s-electrons are lost first, followed by d-electrons:
- Fe (iron) - [Ar]3d64s2
- Fe2+ (ferrous) - [Ar]3d6
- Fe3+ (ferric) - [Ar]3d5

d-Block Elements - Properties

Each row of the d-block contains 10 elements, corresponding to the 5 d orbitals holding up to 2 electrons each.
All d-block elements are metals.
Notable characteristics:
- Malleable, ductile, lustrous, silver-white in color
- Relatively high melting and boiling points
- Exceptions:
  - Hg (mercury) is liquid at room temperature
  - Cu (copper) is reddish-brown
  - Au (gold) is yellow

d-Block Elements - Oxidation Numbers

Except for Hg, elements at the ends of each d-block row have only one oxidation number besides 0 (Zn, Cd).
Sc exhibits only +3 oxidation state, while Zn exhibits only +2.
Elements closer to the center of each row display a wider range of oxidation states, especially Mn (7 oxidation states).
Elements toward the left of the d-block and those in the 2nd and 3rd rows tend to form compounds with higher oxidation numbers.
CrO42- (chromium with +6 oxidation state) is easily reduced, while WO42- (tungsten with +6 oxidation state) is relatively stable.
Oxidation numbers help to rationalize the properties of d-block compounds.
MnO4- (manganese with +7 oxidation state) is a good oxidising agent:
- MnO4- + 5H+ + 5e- → Mn2+ + 4H2O

d-Block Elements - Atomic Radii

Atomic radii decrease from Sc to Ni due to the increasing nuclear charge and poor shielding of the d-electrons.
A Fe atom (atomic radius 126 pm) is smaller than a Sc atom (160 pm) despite having more d-electrons.
The atomic radii of elements in the third row are similar to those in the second row due to the lanthanide contraction.
Lanthanide contraction: Gradual decrease in atomic size of elements from lanthanum to lutetium due to poor shielding of 4f electrons.

d-Block Elements - Densities

Elements in Period 6 (third row) have relatively high densities:
- Os (osmium) - 22.61 g/cm3
- Ir (iridium) - 22.65 g/cm3
This is attributed to comparable atomic radii between Period 5 and Period 6 elements, but with significantly larger atomic masses in Period 6.

d-Block Elements - First Ionisation Energies

First ionization energy: Minimum energy required to remove one electron from a gaseous atom.
First ionization energies generally increase from left to right across the d-block as the nuclear charge increases.
Elements in the second and third rows follow a similar trend in atomic radii and ionization energies.

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Description

Test your knowledge on d-block elements, which are key components of the periodic table. This quiz covers their electronic configurations, diverse properties, and various applications in industries such as construction and pharmaceuticals. See how well you understand these important metallic elements!