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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals?
The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to:
Which of the following factors greatly influences the physical and chemical properties of p-block elements within a group?
Which of the following statements is true for the lighter elements in the boron, carbon, and nitrogen families?
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Which statement about the non-metallic character of p-block elements is incorrect?
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Which statement about the oxidation states of p-block elements is correct?
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Which of the following statements is true about the oxidation states of p-block elements?
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What is the nature of compounds formed between highly reactive non-metals and highly reactive metals?
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Which statement about the oxides of non-metals and metals is correct?
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Which factor contributes to the difference between the first and remaining members of a p-block group?
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Study Notes
P-Block Elements
- The last electron in p-block elements enters the outermost p orbital, and since there are three p orbitals, a maximum of six electrons can be accommodated.
- There are six groups of p-block elements in the periodic table, numbered from 13 to 18, with boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and helium as the heading elements.
- The valence shell electronic configuration of p-block elements is ns2 np1-6, except for helium.
Electronic Configuration and Properties
- The difference in the inner core of elements greatly influences their physical properties, such as atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, etc.
- The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to the total number of valence electrons.
Oxidation States
- P-block elements may show other oxidation states that differ from the total number of valence electrons by units of two.
- The group oxidation state is the most stable state for the lighter elements in each group.
- The oxidation state two units less than the group oxidation state becomes progressively more stable for the heavier elements in each group.
Inert Pair Effect
- The occurrence of oxidation states two units less than the group oxidation states is sometimes attributed to the ‘inert pair effect’.
Metals and Non-Metals
- Non-metals and metalloids exist only in the p-block of the periodic table.
- The non-metallic character of elements decreases down the group.
- The heaviest element in each p-block group is the most metallic in nature.
Compounds and Reactivity
- Non-metals have higher ionisation enthalpies and higher electronegativities than metals.
- Compounds formed by highly reactive non-metals with highly reactive metals are generally ionic.
- Compounds formed between non-metals themselves are largely covalent in character.
Oxides
- The non-metal oxides are acidic or neutral, whereas metal oxides are basic in nature.
First Member of P-Block
- The first member of p-block differs from the remaining members of their corresponding group in two major respects: size and the effect of d-orbitals in the valence shell.
- The second period elements of p-groups have a maximum covalence of four, whereas the third period elements can expand their covalence using d-orbitals.
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Description
Learn about p-block elements in the periodic table where the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. Explore the valence shell electronic configurations of elements from group 13 to 18.
