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Questions and Answers
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals?
What is the maximum number of electrons that can be accommodated in a set of p orbitals?
The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to:
The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to:
Which of the following factors greatly influences the physical and chemical properties of p-block elements within a group?
Which of the following factors greatly influences the physical and chemical properties of p-block elements within a group?
Which of the following statements is true for the lighter elements in the boron, carbon, and nitrogen families?
Which of the following statements is true for the lighter elements in the boron, carbon, and nitrogen families?
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Which statement about the non-metallic character of p-block elements is incorrect?
Which statement about the non-metallic character of p-block elements is incorrect?
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Which statement about the oxidation states of p-block elements is correct?
Which statement about the oxidation states of p-block elements is correct?
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Which of the following statements is true about the oxidation states of p-block elements?
Which of the following statements is true about the oxidation states of p-block elements?
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What is the nature of compounds formed between highly reactive non-metals and highly reactive metals?
What is the nature of compounds formed between highly reactive non-metals and highly reactive metals?
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Which statement about the oxides of non-metals and metals is correct?
Which statement about the oxides of non-metals and metals is correct?
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Which factor contributes to the difference between the first and remaining members of a p-block group?
Which factor contributes to the difference between the first and remaining members of a p-block group?
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Study Notes
P-Block Elements
- The last electron in p-block elements enters the outermost p orbital, and since there are three p orbitals, a maximum of six electrons can be accommodated.
- There are six groups of p-block elements in the periodic table, numbered from 13 to 18, with boron, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, fluorine, and helium as the heading elements.
- The valence shell electronic configuration of p-block elements is ns2 np1-6, except for helium.
Electronic Configuration and Properties
- The difference in the inner core of elements greatly influences their physical properties, such as atomic and ionic radii, ionisation enthalpy, etc.
- The maximum oxidation state shown by a p-block element is equal to the total number of valence electrons.
Oxidation States
- P-block elements may show other oxidation states that differ from the total number of valence electrons by units of two.
- The group oxidation state is the most stable state for the lighter elements in each group.
- The oxidation state two units less than the group oxidation state becomes progressively more stable for the heavier elements in each group.
Inert Pair Effect
- The occurrence of oxidation states two units less than the group oxidation states is sometimes attributed to the ‘inert pair effect’.
Metals and Non-Metals
- Non-metals and metalloids exist only in the p-block of the periodic table.
- The non-metallic character of elements decreases down the group.
- The heaviest element in each p-block group is the most metallic in nature.
Compounds and Reactivity
- Non-metals have higher ionisation enthalpies and higher electronegativities than metals.
- Compounds formed by highly reactive non-metals with highly reactive metals are generally ionic.
- Compounds formed between non-metals themselves are largely covalent in character.
Oxides
- The non-metal oxides are acidic or neutral, whereas metal oxides are basic in nature.
First Member of P-Block
- The first member of p-block differs from the remaining members of their corresponding group in two major respects: size and the effect of d-orbitals in the valence shell.
- The second period elements of p-groups have a maximum covalence of four, whereas the third period elements can expand their covalence using d-orbitals.
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Description
Learn about p-block elements in the periodic table where the last electron enters the outermost p orbital. Explore the valence shell electronic configurations of elements from group 13 to 18.
