Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which advantage did Homo sapiens have over Neanderthals in tool-making?
Which advantage did Homo sapiens have over Neanderthals in tool-making?
Neanderthals had a flexible diet with a wide variety of prey, which helped them survive environmental shifts.
Neanderthals had a flexible diet with a wide variety of prey, which helped them survive environmental shifts.
False
What limitation in their diet made Neanderthals more vulnerable during environmental shifts?
What limitation in their diet made Neanderthals more vulnerable during environmental shifts?
Heavy reliance on large mammals
Homo sapiens' ability to use __________ weapons allowed for more effective hunting over Neanderthals' close-range tools.
Homo sapiens' ability to use __________ weapons allowed for more effective hunting over Neanderthals' close-range tools.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:
Match the following concepts with their corresponding descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which law requires museums to inventory Native American remains and consult with affiliated tribes?
Which law requires museums to inventory Native American remains and consult with affiliated tribes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106?
What is the main purpose of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106?
Signup and view all the answers
___ is the relationship of shared group identity, as defined by NAGPRA, which links current tribes to ancestral remains.
___ is the relationship of shared group identity, as defined by NAGPRA, which links current tribes to ancestral remains.
Signup and view all the answers
The ___ phase of CRM archaeology involves determining the importance and eligibility of a site for preservation or further excavation.
The ___ phase of CRM archaeology involves determining the importance and eligibility of a site for preservation or further excavation.
Signup and view all the answers
The official register of important historical sites is known as the ___ __ ___ ___.
The official register of important historical sites is known as the ___ __ ___ ___.
Signup and view all the answers
The primary weapon used by Neanderthals was projectiles.
The primary weapon used by Neanderthals was projectiles.
Signup and view all the answers
What was Shipman's hypothesis regarding Neanderthal extinction?
What was Shipman's hypothesis regarding Neanderthal extinction?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following CRM terms with their definitions:
Match the following CRM terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
What did ancient DNA studies at Pueblo Bonito reveal about social organization in Chaco Canyon?
What did ancient DNA studies at Pueblo Bonito reveal about social organization in Chaco Canyon?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor contributed significantly to the collapse of the Chaco civilization?
Which factor contributed significantly to the collapse of the Chaco civilization?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one characteristic of the post-Chaco Pueblo communities?
What is one characteristic of the post-Chaco Pueblo communities?
Signup and view all the answers
In Chaco Canyon, great houses like _______ served as centers for storage, ritual, and redistribution.
In Chaco Canyon, great houses like _______ served as centers for storage, ritual, and redistribution.
Signup and view all the answers
Kivas were primarily used for agricultural activities in Pueblo culture.
Kivas were primarily used for agricultural activities in Pueblo culture.
Signup and view all the answers
What climatic change occurred after AD 1000 that benefited the Chaco Canyon's agriculture?
What climatic change occurred after AD 1000 that benefited the Chaco Canyon's agriculture?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their respective descriptions:
Match the following terms with their respective descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What happened to elites in Chaco Canyon as resources became scarce?
What happened to elites in Chaco Canyon as resources became scarce?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes Graeber and Wengrow's idea of 'carnival parade of forms'?
Which of the following best describes Graeber and Wengrow's idea of 'carnival parade of forms'?
Signup and view all the answers
In Çatalhöyük, what was the purpose of 'History Houses'?
In Çatalhöyük, what was the purpose of 'History Houses'?
Signup and view all the answers
Which feature of Çatalhöyük suggests a connection to ancestral memory?
Which feature of Çatalhöyük suggests a connection to ancestral memory?
Signup and view all the answers
Graeber and Wengrow's 'carnival parade of forms' suggests that early cities could be both ______________ and hierarchical.
Graeber and Wengrow's 'carnival parade of forms' suggests that early cities could be both ______________ and hierarchical.
Signup and view all the answers
The concept of the ______________ effect describes how societies become resistant to change once they adopt complex structures, such as centralized governance or agriculture.
The concept of the ______________ effect describes how societies become resistant to change once they adopt complex structures, such as centralized governance or agriculture.
Signup and view all the answers
______________ were communal structures in Çatalhöyük with significant burials and decorations, serving as focal points for ritual activities and family memory.
______________ were communal structures in Çatalhöyük with significant burials and decorations, serving as focal points for ritual activities and family memory.
Signup and view all the answers
Çatalhöyük is considered the first city, or proto-city, starting around 7500 BC.
Çatalhöyük is considered the first city, or proto-city, starting around 7500 BC.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What time period is known as the Viking Age?
What time period is known as the Viking Age?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concept from Neil Price's Children of Ash and Elm suggests a reassessment of the Vikings?
Which concept from Neil Price's Children of Ash and Elm suggests a reassessment of the Vikings?
Signup and view all the answers
What role did Viking raids play in their society beyond mere violence?
What role did Viking raids play in their society beyond mere violence?
Signup and view all the answers
What significant event is marked by the Viking raid on Lindisfarne in AD 793?
What significant event is marked by the Viking raid on Lindisfarne in AD 793?
Signup and view all the answers
The Vikings spoke _______ and made inscriptions in runes.
The Vikings spoke _______ and made inscriptions in runes.
Signup and view all the answers
Viking raids were solely aimed at acquiring new territories.
Viking raids were solely aimed at acquiring new territories.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following Viking-related terms with their descriptions:
Match the following Viking-related terms with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
What was a major influence on Viking expansion during the Viking Age?
What was a major influence on Viking expansion during the Viking Age?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Cultural Resource Management (CRM)
- Key Laws: National Historic Preservation Act (1966), NAGPRA (1990), National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) criteria
- NAGPRA (1990): Identifies shared group identity linking current tribes to ancestral remains. Examples include Kennewick Burial Case and phases of CRM Archaeology (survey, evaluation, data recovery). Categorizes remains as human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony
- National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) Section 106: Requires federal agencies to consider the impact of their actions on historic properties, including protection of Native American religious practices.
- Archaeological Resources Protection Act: Law that requires museums to inventory Native American remains and consult with affiliated tribes.
Invaders (Neanderthals and Humans)
- Shipman's hypothesis: Humans outcompeted Neanderthals in a period of climate change, with a potential partnership with wolf-dogs.
- Predictions: Extreme cold/fluctuations, ambush predators (Neanderthals) vs. projectiles and distance running (Humans)
- Human advantages: Projectile weapons increased hunting efficiency over Neanderthal handheld tools. Dietary flexibility vs. Neanderthal dietary rigidity. Humans had a smaller percentage of Neanderthal genome. Carrying capacity limits, higher basal metabolic rates (BMR) in Neanderthals, compared to humans
Anasazi America (Chaco Canyon)
-
Jemez Pueblo Study: Indigenous forest management practices examined in Chaco Canyon, AD 1000-1150
-
Matrilineal Lineage: Lineage passed down through mother's line, a significant aspect of Pueblo culture.
-
Collapse of Chaco Canyon: Factors include environmental stress (climate change, drought), over-reliance on external resources, and reliance on centralized power.
-
Post-collapse Communities: Developed sustainable agricultural practices, cooperation, and kinship-based governance.
Cities
- Graeber and Wengrow's "Carnival Parade of Forms": Concept that early cities were both egalitarian and hierarchical, challenging the traditional linear model of social evolution.
- Rattchet Effect: Societies become resistant to change after adopting complex structures.
- Çatalhöyük: Example of an early city in Turkey (7500 BC) with no temples or palaces, but evidence of egalitarianism
- History Houses: Community meeting places in Çatalhöyük, with burials and decorations
- Social Transformations Vs. Collapse: Cities had various forms, ranging in civic unity, presence of temples and palaces. Various social organization and transformations.
Vikings
- Viking Age: AD 750-1050.
- Inscriptions: Vikings used runes, spoke Old Norse and were eventually converted to Christianity
- Raiding: Vikings conducted raids for wealth, marriage, and political competition, but these were not solely violent. In addition, the raids were sometimes a means to improve social standing and political power, as evident in economic policy
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz explores key laws in Cultural Resource Management (CRM) including the National Historic Preservation Act and NAGPRA, alongside the impact of human evolution on Neanderthals. Test your knowledge on significant archaeological laws and hypotheses regarding human competition with Neanderthals. Understand the relationship between historical preservation and cultural identity.