Cultural Resource Management Laws Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of cultural resource management (CRM)?

To excavate buried artifacts

To create new archaeological sites

To promote tourism in historic areas

To conduct compliance with laws for conserving cultural resources (correct)

Which act prohibits the excavation or collection of archaeological sites on public lands without a permit?

Cultural Resources Management Act

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

Antiquities Act (correct)

National Historic Preservation Act

What percentage of fieldwork is conducted within the realm of cultural resource management today?

90% (correct)

70%

50%

100%

Which section of the National Historic Preservation Act requires the government to consider the effects of its actions on historic properties?

Section 106 Signup and view all the answers

What criteria does the National Register of Historic Places NOT include?

Possession of legal documents Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a cultural resource?

Newly constructed buildings Signup and view all the answers

What is one primary responsibility of State Historic Preservation Officers (SHPOs)?

Inventory and protect cultural resources Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about cultural resources is true?

They must be considered in development decisions. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of NAGPRA?

To protect and repatriate Native American remains and cultural items Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered a funerary object under NAGPRA?

Items intentionally placed with human remains in a burial Signup and view all the answers

Which course is least relevant for preparation in a career in Cultural Resource Management (CRM)?

Creative writing Signup and view all the answers

What does cultural affiliation mean in the context of NAGPRA?

A relationship between a tribe and an identifiable earlier group Signup and view all the answers

What key issue does the Kennewick Burial case highlight?

The lack of confirmed descendants for a prehistoric individual Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following agencies is required to consult with tribes under NAGPRA?

Museums and universities holding Native American cultural items Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of Walter Echo-Hawk's statement regarding Native American remains?

It calls for respect and decency regarding ancestral burials Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not explicitly prohibited under NAGPRA?

Inventorying museum collections Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cultural Resource Management (CRM)

CRM is a professional field focused on activities related to complying with laws that aim to preserve cultural resources.
Cultural resources include historic structures, cultural landscapes, archaeological sites, shipwrecks, artifacts, and religious sites.
Cultural resources are considered important and non-renewable, so they must be taken into consideration when making development decisions.

Key Laws

Archaeological Resources Protection Act: A law regarding protecting archaeological resources.
National Historic Preservation Act: A law focused on preserving historic and cultural resources.
Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA): Key law governing Native American cultural heritage.

NAGPRA (1990)

Inventory/Identification: Museums and universities are required to inventory Native American remains and cultural items in their collections and determine affiliations.
Consultation: Institutions must consult with tribes about items or remains.
Repatriation: Culturally affiliated human remains, funerary objects, sacred objects, and objects of cultural patrimony must be returned to the affiliated tribes when requested.
Protection of Burials: Intentional excavation and removal of Native American remains or cultural items from federal and tribal lands is prohibited without tribal consent.

Key Terms in NAGPRA

Human Remains: Physical remains of individuals (bones, teeth, etc.) whether fully or partially intact, relating to Native American ancestry.
Funerary Objects: Items intentionally placed with human remains as part of a burial ceremony.
Sacred Objects: Ceremonial items needed by Native American religious leaders for traditional tribal practices.
Objects of Cultural Patrimony: Items with ongoing historical, traditional, or cultural significance to a tribe, considered communal property.

Cultural Affiliation (under NAGPRA)

Cultural affiliation is defined as a relationship of shared group identity (historically or prehistorically) between a present-day tribe/Native Hawaiian organization and an identifiable earlier group.

Antiquities Act (1906)

It is illegal to excavate or collect archeological items on public lands without a permit.
Permits are only granted to museums, universities, and other scientific or educational institutions.
The President can create national monuments on federal lands to be protected.

National Historic Preservation Act (1966)

Aims to preserve important historic, cultural, and natural aspects of national heritage.
Provides a nationwide program for historic preservation.
Includes significant sections (e.g., 110, 106) that address government responsibility for inventorying, protecting, and considering the impact of actions on historic properties.

NRHP Criteria

Criteria for listing properties on the National Register of Historic Places.
Events, important people, design/construction, and information (info important for history or prehistory).

Kennewick Burial

9000 years old.
Discovery in 1996.
Questions of descendants and cultural identification.
Legal battles regarding repatriation.
Eventually reburied in 2017 by Columbia River tribes.

Preparation for a Career in CRM

Required courses in Anthropology, History, Environmental Studies, Conservation Studies.
Business courses
Strong math and statistics skills
GIS (Geographic Information Systems)
Computer modeling skills
Technical writing skills

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Description

Test your knowledge on Cultural Resource Management (CRM) and key laws like NAGPRA, the Archaeological Resources Protection Act, and the National Historic Preservation Act. Understand the importance of preserving cultural resources like archaeological sites and historic structures. This quiz will challenge your understanding of CRM regulations and practices.