Questions and Answers
How should the airway be opened for breaths?
Place one hand on the victim's forehead and push to tilt the head back; place fingers of the other hand under the lower jaw and lift the jaw.
What is the correct hand placement when giving chest compressions to children?
Use 2 hands or 1 hand on the lower half of the breastbone.
What is the recommended rate of chest compressions?
What should be done when using an AED?
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How do you minimize interruptions when using an AED?
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In infants, check the brachial artery pulse by placing 2 or 3 fingers on the ______.
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Which of the following actions should be taken during witnessed collapse?
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What is the number of breaths per minute recommended for rescue breathing in adults?
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Match the following AED pad placements with their descriptions:
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You should seal the AED pads directly over a medication patch.
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What is the key difference in chest compression depth between infants and children?
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What should be done to determine the pulse in infants?
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How long should you wait to check for a pulse during rescue breathing?
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What is the correct order of steps in the In-Hospital Chain of Survival for adults?
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What does a chest compression feedback device monitor?
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What are the correct actions to take for scene safety and assessment?
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What are the components of a pulse check in an unresponsive victim?
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When using a pocket mask, where should the rescuer be positioned?
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What type of ventilation does a bag-mask device provide to a victim who is not breathing or not breathing normally?
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How are breaths delivered using a bag-mask device?
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Two life-threatening arrhythmias that can cause cardiac arrest are pulseless ventricular tachycardia and __________.
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After an AED delivers a shock, what should the rescuers do next?
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How do you open the airway for breaths if a single rescuer is present?
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What is the target rate for chest compressions for children?
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What is the correct chest compression rate for adults?
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What is the recommended compression-to ventilation ratio for infants and children?
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What should you deliver to a choking infant who is responsive?
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You should check the airway for the obstructing object when performing CPR on a choking infant.
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What is the action taken as the next step when a rescuer suspects an opioid-related emergency?
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What are examples of effective team dynamics in a CPR scenario?
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Study Notes
In-Hospital Chain of Survival
- Early Recognition and Prevention: Essential for immediate response to cardiac events.
- Activation of Emergency Response: Key step to ensure rapid intervention.
- High-Quality CPR: Focus on efficient compression and ventilation techniques.
- Defibrillation: Crucial for restoring a normal heart rhythm.
- Post-Cardiac Arrest Care: Important for recovery and stabilization.
- Recovery: The final phase where long-term outcomes are assessed.
Chest Compression Feedback Device
- Monitors real-time performance of CPR, including:
- Rate of compressions.
- Depth of compressions.
- Recoil of the chest between compressions.
Scene Safety and Assessment
- Ensure safety before approaching the victim.
- Assess for breathing and pulse within a 10-second timeframe.
- Activate emergency response and retrieve an AED as needed.
- Initiate CPR if no normal breathing or pulse is detected.
Pulse Check in Unresponsive Victims
- Locate pulse using 2 or 3 fingers in the neck groove beside the trachea.
- Assess for at least 5 seconds but no longer than 10 seconds.
Bag-Mask Device Usage
- For positive-pressure ventilation in unresponsive patients.
- Begin by ensuring proper positioning and airway opening with the head tilt-chin lift.
CPR and Resuscitation Techniques
- Single rescuer should perform rescue breaths in cycles of:
- 1 breath every 6 seconds for adults.
- 1 breath every 2-3 seconds for children and infants.
- Follow a strict sequence when using a bag-mask device to maintain airway and deliver breaths.
- For infants, thumb-encircling technique is preferred during compressions.
AED and Defibrillation
- Essential to analyze heart rhythms and deliver shocks as required.
- AED pads must be placed accurately:
- Anteroposterior for adults: Left side of the back and left side of the chest.
- Anterolateral for adults: Below the right collarbone and left nipple area.
- After shock delivery, immediately resume CPR, maintaining high compression quality.
Pediatric Considerations
- CPR compression depth for children: Approximately 2 inches (5 cm).
- Compression rate for infants and children: 100-120 compressions per minute.
- Children require different AED placements and equipment considerations, including using pediatric pads when available.
Team Dynamics in Resuscitation
- Define clear roles within a resuscitation team (compressor, AED operator, airway manager).
- Structure and timing of alternating roles for efficiency and to minimize fatigue.
- Importance of closed-loop communication to ensure effective teamwork.
- Conduct debriefing post-resuscitation to improve future performance.
Choking and Airway Management
- In adults, perform abdominal thrusts directed upward; for infants, administer back slaps followed by chest thrusts.
- Recognize signs of severe airway obstruction, such as inability to speak or breathe.
Special Considerations
- Use caution with AED around water, excessive chest hair, and implanted devices.
- Prioritize minimizing interruptions during CPR for effective outcomes.
- Adjust rescue ventilation rates based on whether you are operating alone or with another rescuer.
Emergency Response Steps
- Activate emergency response immediately upon identifying an unresponsive victim with no pulse.
- Ensure use of the appropriate techniques and device configurations for infants, children, and adults for effective CPR and rescue breathing.
Opioid Overdose Response
- Provide 1 rescue breath every 6 seconds for unresponsive adults still retaining a pulse.
By maintaining this knowledge base, responders can effectively perform CPR and use AEDs, enhancing patient survival and recovery outcomes.### Rescuer Protocol
- Deliver each breath over one second during rescue.
- Rescuer 1 opens the airway and applies the bag-mask; Rescuer 2 squeezes the bag.
AED Overview
- AED stands for Automated External Defibrillator.
- Analyzes heart rhythm for shockable arrhythmias.
- Lightweight, portable, and user-friendly with voice prompts, lights, and screen messages.
Using an AED
- Power on the AED; follow its prompts.
- Use adult pads for ages 8 and older.
- Clear the victim for analysis; ensure no one is touching them.
- If shock is advised, clear the victim and press the shock button; resume CPR immediately after.
AED Pad Placement for Adults and Children
- Anterolateral Placement: One pad below the right collarbone, another to the left side of the left nipple.
- Anteroposterior Placement: One pad on the left chest and one pad on the left back beneath the shoulder blade.
Minimizing Interruptions with AED Use
- One rescuer performs chest compressions while the other operates the AED.
- Continue CPR until the AED prompts to clear for analysis; if no shock is advised, resume CPR immediately.
Pediatric Chain of Survival
- Key stages: Early recognition and prevention, emergency response activation, high-quality CPR, advanced resuscitation, post-cardiac arrest care, recovery.
Pulse Check for Infants and Children
- Check brachial pulse by placing fingers on the upper arm; if not felt, start CPR.
- Check femoral pulse on the inner thigh; if not felt, start CPR.
Adult BLS Algorithm for Healthcare Providers
- Verify scene safety; check responsiveness and activate emergency response if unresponsive.
- Monitor breathing and pulse; provide rescue breaths or start CPR as necessary.
- Use AED when available; check rhythm and follow prompts for shockable or non-shockable rhythm.
Critical Components of Chest Compressions for Children
- Rate: 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
- Depth: Approximately 2 inches (5 cm).
- Allow complete chest recoil and minimize interruptions to under 10 seconds.
Critical Components of Chest Compressions for Infants
- Rate: 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
- Depth: Approximately 1.5 inches (4 cm).
- Use fingers or thumb-encircling technique for compression, ensuring complete recoil.
Witnessed vs Unwitnessed Collapse in Children and Infants
- Witnessed: Activate emergency response and get AED before CPR if alone; if not, send for help while starting CPR.
- Unwitnessed: Begin CPR immediately; activate emergency response after two minutes if alone.
Pediatric BLS Algorithm with Single Rescuer
- Verify scene safety; check responsiveness and activate emergency response.
- Monitor and provide rescue breaths if pulse present; initiate CPR if no pulse.
Pediatric BLS Algorithm with Two Rescuers
- First rescuer assesses the victim while the second activates emergency response and retrieves the AED.
- Initiate CPR and use AED as soon as available.
AED Special Considerations
- For a hairy chest, shave or use pads to remove hair before attaching.
- Move victims from water before using AED; wipe chest if wet.
- Remove transdermal patches before applying pads; avoid placing pads over implanted devices.
Mouth-to-Mouth Breaths for All Ages
- For adults: mouth-to-mouth provides oxygen effectively; ensure an airtight seal and watch for chest rise.
- For infants: cover mouth and nose to create a seal; give one breath watching for chest rise.
Rescue Breathing Technique
- For adults, give one breath every six seconds with visible chest rise and pulse check every two minutes.
- For children and infants, provide one breath every 2-3 seconds with visible chest rise and pulse checks as well.
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Description
This quiz focuses on the essential steps in the In-Hospital Chain of Survival for adults as well as the use of chest compression feedback devices. Study the correct order of CPR procedures and the importance of real-time feedback during emergency situations. Perfect for healthcare professionals preparing for CPR certification or a refresher.
