Questions and Answers
What does CPR stand for?
What is clinical death?
The heart stops beating and the victim stops breathing.
What occurs during biological death?
Death and decay of the body cells, occurs 4-6 minutes after clinical death.
What does CABD stand for in CPR?
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What is an AED?
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What is the head tilt/chin lift maneuver used for?
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What is the CPR ratio for compressions to breaths?
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How do you check for a pulse on an adult?
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Where should hands be placed for adult compressions?
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What is the compression depth for 1 person adult CPR?
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What should be done in 2 person adult CPR?
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What should be remembered when performing CPR on children?
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How is 2 person child CPR different from adult CPR?
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What to do for a choking infant?
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A complete obstruction of the airway should use abdominal thrusts if the person is conscious.
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Actions taken for an unconscious choking victim?
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What is done for a child/infant witnessed cardiac arrest?
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Study Notes
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR)
- CPR is a life-saving intervention that provides oxygen and chest compressions when the heart stops.
- Clinical death occurs when the heart ceases beating and breathing stops.
- Biological death refers to cell death and decay, occurring 4-6 minutes post-clinical death.
CPR Protocol
- The CABD sequence (Circulation, Airway, Breathing, Defibrillation) is essential for effective CPR.
- An Automated External Defibrillator (AED) is used to deliver electric shocks to restore heart rhythms.
Airway Management
- The head tilt/chin lift technique is used to open the airway by tilting the head back.
- The jaw-thrust maneuver helps open the airway without tilting the head and is ideal for spinal injury precautions.
Compression Techniques
- The CPR compression to breath ratio is 30:2.
- Pulse checks for adults should be done at the carotid artery for 5-10 seconds.
- Hand placement for adult compressions is on the lower half of the sternum, above the xiphoid process.
CPR Variations for Different Ages
- For a single rescuer performing adult CPR, the correct cycling ratio is 30 compressions to 2 breaths, at a rate of 100-120 compressions per minute, compressing 2 inches deep.
- In two-person adult CPR, one rescuer provides breaths while the other performs compressions, switching roles every 5 cycles (2 minutes).
- Child CPR (ages 1 to puberty) follows adult steps but requires less head tilt.
- Infant CPR (birth to 1 year) involves checking the brachial pulse and using 2 finger compressions at 1.5 inches deep.
CPR Ratios for Children and Infants
- In two-person child CPR, the compression to breath ratio changes to 15:2.
- For two-person infant CPR, the same 15:2 ratio applies, with thumbs placed on the sternum.
Choking
- A choking victim has an obstructed airway; interventions differ based on obstruction severity.
- In cases of incomplete obstruction, encourage the person to cough.
- Complete obstruction leads to inability to talk or breathe; abdominal thrusts are necessary to clear the airway.
Special Cases
- If an unconscious victim's airway is obstructed, start compressions immediately and attempt to remove the obstruction if visible.
- For infants, choking response involves 5 back blows followed by 5 chest thrusts, and checking the mouth for obstructions.
Cardiac Arrest in Children and Infants
- For unwitnessed cardiac arrest in children/infants, perform 5 cycles of CPR before activating EMS.
- In witnessed cases, activate EMS first, then begin CPR.
Equipment Usage
- A bag-mask device is designated for two-person CPR and assists with ventilation.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) concepts with these flashcards. Learn important definitions such as clinical death and biological death as you prepare for real-life emergency scenarios. Perfect for healthcare students or anyone interested in lifesaving techniques.
