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Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of internal migration?
What is the primary characteristic of internal migration?
According to neo-classical theory, what primarily drives migration?
According to neo-classical theory, what primarily drives migration?
Which factor is NOT emphasized in labor migration theory?
Which factor is NOT emphasized in labor migration theory?
Migration systems theory is primarily concerned with what?
Migration systems theory is primarily concerned with what?
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What does the Push-Pull theory primarily focus on?
What does the Push-Pull theory primarily focus on?
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Which of the following best describes international migration?
Which of the following best describes international migration?
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Which theory views migration as a family strategy to enhance income and survival?
Which theory views migration as a family strategy to enhance income and survival?
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What does economic analysis in migration typically emphasize?
What does economic analysis in migration typically emphasize?
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What characterizes the second demographic transition?
What characterizes the second demographic transition?
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Which trend is associated with the second demographic transition?
Which trend is associated with the second demographic transition?
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What is one response of countries experiencing the second demographic transition?
What is one response of countries experiencing the second demographic transition?
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How has parenting behavior changed according to the second demographic transition?
How has parenting behavior changed according to the second demographic transition?
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When did experts believe that new marriage patterns emerged related to the second demographic transition?
When did experts believe that new marriage patterns emerged related to the second demographic transition?
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What significant demographic change occurs due to the second demographic transition?
What significant demographic change occurs due to the second demographic transition?
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What percentage of international migrants resided in high-income countries as of 2015?
What percentage of international migrants resided in high-income countries as of 2015?
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What do experts believe about the birth rates during the second demographic transition?
What do experts believe about the birth rates during the second demographic transition?
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Which region had the largest number of international migrants in 2017?
Which region had the largest number of international migrants in 2017?
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What role does contraception play in the second demographic transition?
What role does contraception play in the second demographic transition?
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Which country was reported to have the largest number of its citizens living abroad in 2017?
Which country was reported to have the largest number of its citizens living abroad in 2017?
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What is the primary characteristic of irregular migrants?
What is the primary characteristic of irregular migrants?
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In 2015, what was the estimated number of South-to-North migrants?
In 2015, what was the estimated number of South-to-North migrants?
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How many international migrants were living in high-income countries by 2017?
How many international migrants were living in high-income countries by 2017?
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What was the estimated number of migrants residing in low-income countries as of 2015?
What was the estimated number of migrants residing in low-income countries as of 2015?
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Which of the following statements is true about South-to-South migration compared to South-North migration?
Which of the following statements is true about South-to-South migration compared to South-North migration?
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What is the trend regarding marriage discussed in the content?
What is the trend regarding marriage discussed in the content?
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Which of the following is a criticism of the second demographic transition?
Which of the following is a criticism of the second demographic transition?
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Which countries are presented as examples experiencing the second demographic transition?
Which countries are presented as examples experiencing the second demographic transition?
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According to the Malthusian principle, what is seen as a threat to national development?
According to the Malthusian principle, what is seen as a threat to national development?
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What alternate view does the Marxist principle propose regarding population issues?
What alternate view does the Marxist principle propose regarding population issues?
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What is one effect of the second demographic transition on child-bearing responsibilities?
What is one effect of the second demographic transition on child-bearing responsibilities?
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What is a common effect of rising divorce rates mentioned in the content?
What is a common effect of rising divorce rates mentioned in the content?
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What major factor do advocates of the traditional demographic transition believe is distinct from the second transition?
What major factor do advocates of the traditional demographic transition believe is distinct from the second transition?
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What is the main argument of the first school of thought regarding population and development?
What is the main argument of the first school of thought regarding population and development?
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According to the first school of thought, what is approaching its limits that impacts population management?
According to the first school of thought, what is approaching its limits that impacts population management?
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What criticism does the second school of thought present against the first school?
What criticism does the second school of thought present against the first school?
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How does the second school of thought view the relationship between population and development?
How does the second school of thought view the relationship between population and development?
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Which of the following is NOT a reason that a regular migrant may become an irregular migrant?
Which of the following is NOT a reason that a regular migrant may become an irregular migrant?
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What is implied as the solution for curtailing population growth according to the second school of thought?
What is implied as the solution for curtailing population growth according to the second school of thought?
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What is a key component of human trafficking as defined by international protocol?
What is a key component of human trafficking as defined by international protocol?
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What significant impact does development have on population structure according to the second school of thought?
What significant impact does development have on population structure according to the second school of thought?
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What does the term 'diaspora' refer to?
What does the term 'diaspora' refer to?
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Which of the following aspects is essential to the concept of transnational communities?
Which of the following aspects is essential to the concept of transnational communities?
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Which of the following best encapsulates the belief of the second school of thought on population?
Which of the following best encapsulates the belief of the second school of thought on population?
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What role do familial and friendship networks play in migration?
What role do familial and friendship networks play in migration?
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What does the term 'carrying capacity' refer to in the context of population control?
What does the term 'carrying capacity' refer to in the context of population control?
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Under what circumstances can a regular migrant become irregular?
Under what circumstances can a regular migrant become irregular?
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What is the main purpose of actions defined under human trafficking?
What is the main purpose of actions defined under human trafficking?
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What is a way that migration chains are typically initiated?
What is a way that migration chains are typically initiated?
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Study Notes
Contemporary World - Chapter 9: Global Population and Migration
- The study of population, or demography, involves the number of people, their characteristics, and distribution in a specific area.
- Population size and change are important indicators of social transition.
- Rapid population growth can strain resources, damage the environment (deforestation, fishing, and agricultural land degradation), and increase urban challenges (pollution, traffic, and slums).
Basic Concepts of Demography
- Population: The number of people in a geographic area, interacting with and deriving subsistence from their habitat.
- Demography: The scientific study of populations, focusing on their size, distribution, composition, and change. The term comes from Greek words meaning "people" and "writing about."
- Demographer: A specialist who studies population, gathers data about its characteristics, analyzes these factors and describes the population.
Components of Populations
- Size: The total number of people in an area.
- Composition: Characteristics of the population such as age, sex distribution, education, economic activity, ethnicity, and religion.
- Distribution: How the populations are spread within a given geographic area, often measured by density.
Population Pyramid
- A graphical representation of population distribution by age and gender.
- Used to understand population trends, showing whether a population is young or aging, with dependency ratios
Malthusian Theory of Population
- Proposed by Thomas Robert Malthus.
- Suggests population grows geometrically (2, 4, 8, 16...), while food supply increases arithmetically (2, 4, 6, 8...).
- This inherent imbalance leads to food shortages and societal hardship, which can be avoided through "preventive checks" (birth control) or "positive checks" like famine, disease, or war.
Criticisms of the Malthusian Theory
- Technological advancements have increased food production, surpassing population growth predictions.
- Global trade allows for the import of food to address localized shortages.
- Malthus's calculations did not account for future improvements in food production technology.
- The theory does not consider societal factors like distribution of resources, and class inequalities.
Marxist Critique of Malthus
- Argues that poverty and scarcity are results of unequal resource distribution in a capitalist system rather than overpopulation.
- Capitalism creates scarcity by prioritizing profit over addressing basic human needs, regardless of population size.
- Advocates for social revolution and equitable resource distribution as solutions to poverty rather than population control.
Theory of Demographic Transition
- Describes a pattern of population change over time.
- Typically involves four stages:
- High birth rates and death rates, resulting in slow population growth
- Falling death rates, high birth rates, resulting in rapid population growth
- Falling birth rates, low death rates, resulting in slow or zero population growth
- Low birth rates and death rates, resulting in minimal or zero population growth.
Theories of Migration
- Neo-Classical Theory: Individuals migrate to maximize income differences between locations.
- Labor Migration Theory: Migration is driven by factors aside from just income differentials, e.g., employment, capital, entrepreneurship opportunities.
- Migration Systems Theory: Existing migration networks between places cause continued flows between places, emphasizing existing relationships.
- Push-Pull Theory: Migration is influenced by factors pushing people away from their origin (push factors) and factors attracting them to a destination (pull factors).
Types of Migrants
- Voluntary Migrants: Choose to move based on personal preference.
- Involuntary Migrants: Forced to move due to circumstances like war, political instability, or disaster.
- Refugees: Flee their home countries due to persecution or war.
- Asylum Seekers: Individuals trying to gain international protection.
Trends in Migration
- Migration is increasing globally, with developing countries to developed countries.
- International migration is important to the world's economy.
- Rapid population growth, in some regions, poses challenges in the long run.
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Description
This quiz explores the essential concepts of demography, focusing on population dynamics, characteristics, and their implications on society and the environment. Understanding population growth, distribution, and the role of demographers will enhance your comprehension of global migration patterns and challenges.
