Demography: Population Growth and Decline
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Questions and Answers

What has been a significant effect of heavy international immigration into the United States and Western Europe?

  • Decreased traffic congestion
  • Reduction in housing demand
  • Increased agricultural productivity
  • Changes in population growth and national life (correct)

    • Which region is experiencing population growth rates of at least 3% per year or more?

  • South America
  • Western Europe
  • North America
  • Africa (correct)

    • What was the estimated world population in 1950?

  • 3 billion
  • 2 billion (correct)
  • 4 billion
  • 1 billion

    • How has the average annual growth rate of the world's population changed over the past few decades?

    <p>It has declined</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the projected world population by the year 2050?

    <p>9 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which historical milestone occurred by around 1850 regarding world population?

    <p>The world population reached 1 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the global annual population growth approximately at present?

    <p>80 million people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What trend in population growth rate is anticipated over the next four decades?

    <p>It will decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the overall study of changes in population size and make-up?

    <p>Demography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which measure indicates the number of children born per 1,000 women aged 15–44?

    <p>General fertility rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the crude death rate defined?

    <p>Deaths per 1,000 people in a population per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes immigration?

    <p>Movement into an area to establish permanent residency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes emigration from immigration?

    <p>Emigration refers to movement out of an area to establish permanent residency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of migration occurs when individuals relocate within their own country?

    <p>Domestic migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the crude birthrate a measure of?

    <p>Number of live births per 1,000 people per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best represents forced migration?

    <p>Refugees fleeing a war-torn country</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are considered 'positive checks' in Malthusian theory?

    <p>War, famine, and disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the average number of children a woman had in her lifetime a generation ago, according to the information provided?

    <p>Six</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Malthusian theory, what is a main consequence of the population growing at an exponential rate?

    <p>Shortage of resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes 'preventive checks' according to Malthus?

    <p>Birth control and celibacy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant flaw in Malthus's predictions about population growth?

    <p>Agriculture has improved significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What region is expected to experience most of the concentrated growth in population?

    <p>Poor nations in Africa and some other parts of the world</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Malthus believe would be a result of resource scarcity?

    <p>Wars over resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Malthus view the relationship between food production and population growth?

    <p>Population growth outpaces food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is primarily attributed to the widespread hunger in Africa and other regions?

    <p>Economic systems that commodify food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which theory argues that human ingenuity can solve environmental and social issues?

    <p>Cornucopian Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the first stage of the Demographic Transition Theory, why are both birth and death rates high?

    <p>Lack of contraception and high mortality from disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which period did the birth rate remain high but the death rate began to drop according to Demographic Transition Theory?

    <p>Industrial societies from the 1600s to 1900s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What perspective does Cornucopian Theory take regarding future food supply?

    <p>Human innovation will continue to enhance food production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What drives the disparity in food access according to economic systems?

    <p>Viewing food as a commodity rather than a right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for the high birth rate in the first stage of population dynamics?

    <p>Increased access to contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the Cornucopian Theory view the potential of human creativity in agriculture?

    <p>It suggests creativity will inevitably solve food shortages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What financial incentive does Spain provide for each child born?

    <p>2,500 euros</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What demographic trend is being observed in several European nations?

    <p>A greater proportion of older people than younger people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of policies are governments implementing to encourage higher birth rates?

    <p>Pronatalist policies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of financial support is provided alongside child-care subsidies in pronatalist policies?

    <p>Flexible work schedules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily contributes to the slowing of population growth in industrial nations?

    <p>Access to effective contraception</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of declining birth rates in industrial societies?

    <p>Difficulty in providing for the health and income needs of older citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a reason for the drop in fertility rates in industrial nations?

    <p>Government incentives for larger families</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What amount does Russia provide for each child beyond the first?

    <p>$9,000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the replacement level for population stability?

    <p>2.1 children per woman</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible issue of overpopulation mentioned in the content?

    <p>Housing crises</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic trend is currently observed in several industrial nations?

    <p>Population decline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do anti-natalist policies aim to achieve?

    <p>Discourage childbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of high population growth rates in poorer nations?

    <p>High mortality rates during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does family planning contribute to population control?

    <p>It allows healthier spacing of pregnancies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one main obstacle to reducing population growth in developing nations?

    <p>Inequities in food distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might lower fertility rates be viewed positively in industrialized nations?

    <p>They allow for better healthcare for existing populations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Population Growth/Decline

    • Global population reached 7 billion between 2011 and 2012, growing exponentially.
    • Population distribution varies globally.
    • Population growth is studied through demography, examining changes in population size and makeup.
    • Key factors in population change include fertility, mortality, and migration.

    Fertility and Birth Rates

    • Fertility rate measures the number of children born in a society.
    • Crude birth rate measures live births per 1,000 people per year.
    • General fertility rate measures live births per 1,000 women aged 15-44.
    • The US general fertility rate is approximately 65.5.

    Mortality and Death Rates

    • Mortality rate measures deaths in a population.
    • Crude death rate measures deaths per 1,000 people per year.

    Migration

    • Immigration is the movement into an area.
    • Emigration is the movement out of an area.
    • Migration can be voluntary (like student exchange), involuntary (refugee crisis), or forced (displacement).
    • Migration can be domestic or international.

    Population Growth Theories

    • Malthusian Theory: Predicted population would outstrip food supply, leading to famine, war, or disease.

    • Factors driving population growth include increase in food production, advancements in medicine, and use of contraception.

    • Zero Population Growth: A researcher named Paul Ehrlich suggested the environment is crucial to population sustainability.

    • Cornucopian Theory: Claims human ingenuity can solve issues, like food shortage, through technological advancement.

    • Demographic Transition Theory: Explains population growth in stages of social evolution.

      • Early stages: High birth and death rates.
      • Mid stages: High birth rates, lower death rates (population growth).
      • Late stages: Low birth and death rates (slow or no population growth).

    Population Control

    • Societies sometimes attempt to control population growth through policies.
    • Pronatalist policies aim to encourage childbearing.
    • Antinatalist policies aim to discourage childbearing.
    • Migration restrictions control population influx or outflow.

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    Related Documents

    Introduction to Population PDF

    Description

    Explore the key concepts of population growth, decline, and distribution in this quiz on demography. Test your knowledge on fertility rates, mortality rates, and the factors influencing migration. Understand how these elements shape societies globally.

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