Unit 4: Demographics and Population Study

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason why a positive population growth rate is desired for a country?

It ensures the availability of a sufficient workforce. (correct)

It indicates a decline in the birth rate.

It indicates a decrease in the dependency load.

It contributes to a higher standard of living.

The 'One Child Policy' in China aimed to reduce the country's birth rate.

True (A)

What is the main difference between a skilled worker class immigrant and a skilled trade class immigrant in Canada's immigration system?

Skilled worker class immigrants typically possess professional qualifications and academic degrees, while skilled trade class immigrants have expertise in skilled trades, such as plumbing or carpentry.

The ______ is the rate at which a population grows over a specific period.

population growth rate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following immigration categories with their corresponding motivations:

Economic Immigrants = Seeking better economic opportunities. Social Immigrants = Joining family members or seeking a safe haven. Humanitarian Immigrants = Helping to resettle refugees or those fleeing persecution. Signup and view all the answers

An 'Isodemographic Map' depicts the distribution of population density across a specific area.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the concept of a 'Cultural Mosaic' in relation to Canada's immigration policy.

A cultural mosaic refers to the idea that Canada values and embraces the diversity of cultures brought by immigrants, fostering a harmonious society where different cultures coexist. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a pull factor for immigrants?

High unemployment rates in the destination country (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a concentrated settlement pattern?

Development focused around a central point. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Sustainability refers to the ability of a community to maintain a certain level of output indefinitely.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is liveability?

Liveability refers to the quality of life in a community, including factors like safety, access to services, and recreational opportunities. Signup and view all the answers

The ability of an environment to support its population is known as its ______.

carrying capacity Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Urban Sprawl = Expansion of human populations away from central urban areas. Greenbelt Area = Designated zone where development is restricted to protect land. Higher Order Goods = Items that require more frequent and larger consumer demand. Lower Order Services = Goods and services that are consumed less frequently. Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically associated with a liveable community?

High levels of pollution (A) Signup and view all the answers

Informal settlements can often provide adequate housing and services, enhancing livability.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Canadians live in cities?

Approximately 81% Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Unit 4: Study of Demographics/Population

Demography: The study of human populations, including their size, distribution, composition, and changes over time.
Population Growth Rate: The rate at which a population is increasing or decreasing. A positive growth rate signifies an increase.
Natural Increase Rate: The difference between birth rate and death rate.
Net Migration Rate: The difference between immigration and emigration rates.
Doubling Time/Rule of 70: The time it takes for a population to double in size. The rule of 70 approximates this time by dividing 70 by the annual growth rate.
Population Growth Rate Formulas: Specific formulas are required for calculating growth rates, natural increase rates, net migration. Details depend on the type of calculation needed.
Migration: Movement of people from one place to another.
Migrant: A person who moves from one place to another.
Immigration: Migration into a country.
Immigrant: A person who moves into a country.
Emigrant: A person who moves out of a country.
Culture: The beliefs, behaviours, and practices of a particular group of people.
Multicultural: Relating to or including several cultures.
Cultural Mosaic: A society with a variety of different cultures that are visible and distinct.
Push Factors (examples): Political instability, economic hardship, social inequality, environmental disasters.
Pull Factors (examples): Economic opportunities, political stability, social acceptance, favorable environmental conditions.
Intervening Factors/Obstacles: Barriers to migration, such as lack of funds, language barriers, or legal restrictions.
Illegal Migrant: A person who enters a country without legal permission.
Methods for Legal Entry for Illegal Migrants (example): applying for a visa, asylum, or changing status within the country.
Economic Immigrants (Permanent Residents): Come to Canada for economic reasons and intend to stay permanently.
Skilled Worker Class: Workers with specific skills required in Canada.
Skilled Trade Class: Skilled tradespersons in demand in Canada.
Canadian Experience Class: Immigrants with experience working in Canada.
Start-up Visa: For entrepreneurs, new businesses, and innovation.
Economic Immigrants (Temporary Residents): Immigrants who come temporarily for work but are not intended to stay permanently.
Reasons for temporary status: Meeting immediate labor demands; Filling specific skill gaps in a field that temporary workers are necessary for.
Temporary Foreign Worker Program: Canada's program for short-term immigration.
Social Immigrants: Immigrants who come to Canada due to family ties or social networks.
Humanitarian Immigrants: Immigrants who are granted admittance because of a need for protection, often from persecution.
Immigration Point System: System to assess potential immigrants based on factors like skills, education, and language proficiency.

Population Pyramids

Population Pyramid: A graphical representation of the age and sex distribution of a population.
Difference from Other Graphs: Shows the proportion of different age groups within a population.
Baby Boomers: Members of a large birth cohort following World War II.
Importance to Today's Population: Their size and age are having a significant impact on the population dynamics.
Dependency Load: Proportion of the population that is not in the workforce (e.g., children, seniors).
Support of Load: Working age population.
Impacts of a Significantly Larger Dependency Load: Strain on resources and potentially negative economic impact.

Global Population Issues

China's One-Child Policy: Limited the number of children per family, leading to demographic issues like an aging population and shrinking workforce.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR): The average number of children born per woman throughout her lifetime.
Birth Dearth: A decline in birth rates.
Demographic Transition Model: A model that describes the stages a country’s population goes through as it becomes more developed.
Demographic Transition Model Stages:
Stage 1: High birth rates, high death rates resulting in a very slow to no growth.
Stage 2: High birth rates, decreasing death rates resulting in high population growth.
Stage 3: Decreasing birth rates and low death rates, resulting in moderate population growth.
Stage 4: Low birth and death rates results to a negligible population growth.
Demographic Trap: Trap in developing countries with population growth that is too fast to sustain.
Fragile State: States that are not functioning in any meaningful way that can sustain a stable and viable society.
Non-Government Organizations (NGOs): Organizations that are independent of governments and work to help people in need.
Government Foreign Aid: Financial and material assistance provided by governments to other nations.
Bilateral Aid: Aid given directly from one government to another.
Multilateral Aid: Aid provided through international organizations like the United Nations. Often used in humanitarian and disaster aid schemes.

Unit 5 - Liveable Communities

Population Patterns

Population Density: Average number of people per unit of area.
Isodemographic Map: A map on which the population density is depicted. Shows the distribution of population across an area, and is used in geographic analysis.
Urban and Rural Settlements: Urban settlements are densely populated, while rural settlements have a lower population density.
Settlement Patterns:
Concentrated: Settlements clustered together.
Linear: Settlements along a physical feature or road.
Dispersed: Settlements scattered across an area.

Liveability and Sustainability

Liveability: How well a community meets the needs and expectations of its residents.
Characteristics of a Liveable Community (general): Safety, access to services (and their dependability), economic opportunity, good infrastructure (like roads and public transport), social interaction, and environmental quality.
Sustainability: Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
Carrying Capacity: The maximum population size a particular area can support indefinitely.

Types of Land Use in an Urban Centre/City

Relationship to Specific Factors: Land use in cities is generally linked to the economic and social activity in the area.
Land Use Percentages (general): Residential, commercial, industrial, institutional/public, open space/recreational lands.
Ineffective Transportation Systems: Cause traffic congestion, reduced productivity, and increased pollution.
Parts of a Transportation System: Roads, transit routes, pedestrian/bicycle paths
Residential Land Use Importance: Providing housing for residents and shaping residential density of a particular area.
Residential Density: The number of houses per unit area.
Low vs. High Residential Density: Low density – spread out/spacious housing. High density – more homes in a contained area.
Commercial Activities: Businesses offering goods and services.
Importance of Commercial Areas: Generate economic activity, create jobs, and offer goods and services to residents.
Lower vs. Higher Order Goods and Services: Lower order goods and services (like groceries, pharmacies) are found in most areas, higher order (like major retailers, specialty shops) are more concentrated in specific areas.
Industrial Land Use: Manufacturing, warehousing, and related activities.
Institutional and Public Buildings (examples): Schools, hospitals, government buildings, libraries.
Open Space and Recreational Land Use (examples): Parks, green spaces, community gardens.

Building Better Communities

Urbanization: The process of people moving from rural areas to urban areas.
Urban Growth: Increase in population and area of an urban center.
Percentage of Canadians in Cities: Specific percent is needed.
Developing World Urban Growth: Faster rate because of rural-to-urban migration as migration is driven by economic and/or social factors that are not seen in developed countries.
Informal Settlements: Settlements that lack basic infrastructure and services.
Lack of Services (Informal Settlements): Water, sanitation, electricity, waste disposal, public security, and proper housing.
Developing World Issues: Poverty, unemployment, lack of infrastructure, environmental degradation.
Urban Sprawl: The outward growth of a city characterized by low-density development.
Important of Protected Farmland for Urban Sprawl: Ensures food security, protects biodiversity, and maintains agricultural capacity.
Greenbelt Areas: Designed to limit or prevent further development outside of an urban area.
Largest Canada Greenbelt Region: Specific region needed.
Importance of Greenbelts to Sustainability: Conservation of natural environment, preserving farmlands and agricultural land, reduces urban sprawl, and reduces strain on urban infrastructure

Measuring Sustainability and Liveability

Human Development Index (HDI): Measure of a nation's standards of living across three key areas: economic output, education and health.
GDP per capita: Total output divided by the total population. Shows standard of living; does not provide all aspects of life quality.
Environmental Performance Index (EPI): Measures environmental performance across many countries.
Ecological Footprint: Measures a population's demand on nature.
Reducing Ecological Footprint: Using fewer resources, reducing waste, and promoting sustainable practices.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of demographics in this quiz, including population growth rates, natural increase rates, and migration dynamics. Familiarize yourself with vital formulas and metrics that define human population changes. Test your understanding of these foundational demographic principles.