Consonants: Manners and Places of Articulation
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Questions and Answers

All natural languages have voiced consonants that involve the vibration of the vocal cords.

True (A)

When vocal cords are fully open, the sounds produced are described as voiced.

False (B)

Vowels in natural languages are typically produced with vibration of the vocal cords.

True (A)

The space between the vocal cords is referred to as the larynx.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Consonant sounds can either be voiced or voiceless depending on the position of the vocal cords.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Whispering occurs when the vocal cords are completely closed.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The place of articulation refers to the organs and points in the vocal tract used to produce sounds.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Vocal cords do not play a role in distinguishing between vowels and consonants.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Bilabial sounds are produced by utilizing the upper and lower lips together.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Labiodental sounds are produced with the lower lips and upper teeth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Alveolar sounds are produced by the tip of the tongue making contact with the hard palate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The dental fricatives are represented by the sounds /θ/, /ð/.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Palato-alveolar sounds are produced exclusively in the throat region.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Velar sounds are formed at the back of the tongue and soft palate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound /h/ is categorized as a bilabial sound.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Uvula sounds do not correspond to any specific phonetic symbols.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound at the beginning of 'wet' is classified as a voiced labial-velar approximant.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first sound in 'yes' is an alveolar approximant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Approximants are generally voiceless sounds.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The production of the approximant [r] involves a constriction of open approximation with the alveolar ridge.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first sound in 'rip' is a palatal approximant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound transcribed as [z] is a voiceless alveolar fricative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first sound in the word 'ship' is produced by the tip of the tongue approaching the alveolar ridge.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound [h] is characterized as a voiced glottal fricative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The fricative sound [f] is produced by bringing the lower lip into contact with the upper teeth.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fricatives can only be articulated at two points of articulation: bilabial and glottal.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound [ʓ] is the voiced counterpart of the voiceless palato-alveolar fricative [ʃ].

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound [m] is categorized as a voiceless nasal consonant.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The approximant sound [j] is produced with the tongue positioned close to the hard palate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound [θ] is a voiced dental fricative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The first sound in 'zoo' is articulated at the alveolar ridge.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Palato-alveolar sounds are produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The velar sounds /k/, /g/, and /ŋ/ are produced by raising the back of the tongue to the soft palate.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fricatives are sounds produced with total closure of the articulators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glottal consonants allow air to pass through an open mouth without obstruction.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An approximant is a consonant sound produced with little or no obstruction of the articulators.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Plosive sounds are produced with total closure and then suddenly released.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Fricative sounds are created with complete closure of the articulators.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound /ŋ/ is classified as a plosive.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the articulation of fricatives, the airflow is partially blocked.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Glide sounds have a strong closure similar to plosives.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The consonant /tʃ/ is classified as an affricate sound.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound /l/ is produced with a complete closure in the oral cavity.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The sound /v/ is classified as a voiceless labio-dental fricative.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Voiced Sounds

The vocal cords are brought together by the elastic membranes in the larynx, closing the glottis and creating air pressure. This pressure forces air through the cords, causing vibration and producing a voiced sound.

Whisper

The vocal cords are partially open, allowing air to pass, resulting in a quiet, breathy sound.

Voiceless Sounds

The vocal cords are fully open, allowing air to pass without vibration, resulting in a voiceless sound.

Place of Articulation

The place inside the mouth where the tongue or lips touch the roof, teeth, or other parts to create a sound.

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Active Articulatory Organs

The part of the vocal tract that moves actively during sound production, like the tongue or lips.

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Passive Articulatory Organs

The stationary part of the vocal tract that the active articulatory organs touch, like the roof of the mouth or teeth.

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Voiced Consonants

Sounds where the vocal cords vibrate, like vowels and some consonants.

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Voiceless Consonants

Sounds where the vocal cords do not vibrate, like some consonants.

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Palato-alveolar

Sounds made by blocking airflow with the tongue against the hard palate, then releasing it quickly, creating a brief burst of sound.

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Velar

Sounds produced by raising the back of the tongue to touch the soft palate, creating a stop or a nasal sound.

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Glottal

Sounds made by allowing air to pass through an open glottis, producing a breathy sound.

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Stop/Plosive

A consonant sound in which airflow is obstructed by the tongue, creating a complete closure or a friction.

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Fricative

A consonant sound in which air flows over the tongue, creating a friction or a hissing sound.

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Bilabial sounds

Sounds created by blocking the air with both lips, releasing it with force (e.g., /p/, /b/, /m/, /w/).

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Labiodental sounds

Sounds created by the lower lip touching the upper teeth, creating a friction sound (e.g., /f/, /v/).

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Dental sounds

Sounds created by the tongue tip touching the upper teeth, partially blocking the air (e.g., /θ/, /ð/).

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Alveolar sounds

Sounds created by the tongue tip touching the alveolar ridge (bumpy area behind the teeth), either fully or partially blocking air (e.g., /t/, /d/, /l/, /r/, /n/, /s/, /z/).

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Post-alveolar sounds

Sounds created by the tongue touching the back part of the alveolar ridge, creating friction (e.g., /tʃ/, /dʒ/).

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Palatal sounds

Sounds created by the tongue touching the hard palate, behind the alveolar ridge, making a smooth sound (e.g., /j/).

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Velar sounds

Sounds created by the back of the tongue touching the soft palate, creating a stop sound (e.g., /k/, /g/).

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Glottal sounds

Sounds produced by the vocal cords alone, without any blockage of the air (e.g., /h/).

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Plosive (Stop)

A consonant sound created by completely blocking the airflow from the lungs and then suddenly releasing it.

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Nasal

A consonant sound involving a complete closure of the mouth and the air escaping through the nose.

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Lateral

A consonant sound involving partial closure with air escaping through the sides of the tongue.

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Glide

A consonant sound produced with a very weak closure and a semi-vowel-like escape of air.

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Approximant

A consonant sound produced by bringing the tongue close to the roof of the mouth, but not creating friction, such as the 'y' in "yes" or the 'w' in "wet".

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Palatal Approximant

A consonant sound produced by bringing the front of the tongue close to the hard palate, creating a smooth, gliding sound, such as the 'y' in "yes".

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Alveolar Approximant

A consonant sound produced by bringing the blade of the tongue close to the alveolar ridge, creating a smooth, gliding sound, such as the 'r' in "rope".

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Labial-velar Approximant

A consonant sound produced by bringing the lips close together, but not touching, creating a smooth, gliding sound, such as the 'w' in "wet".

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Open Approximation

It describes how close the articulators (tongue, lips) come to each other when producing a sound. In "open approximation", the articulators are close enough to influence airflow, but not enough to create friction.

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Fricative Sounds

Sounds produced when air is forced out of the lungs and through a narrow passage in the vocal tract creating friction. The vocal cords do not vibrate for voiceless fricatives and do vibrate for voiced fricatives.

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Manner of Articulation

The specific way the air is blocked or modified to make a sound. examples include: plosive, fricative, affricate, nasal, lateral, approximant.

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State of Glottis

Refers to whether the vocal cords are vibrating or not during sound production. Voiced sounds, like /b/ or /d/, are produced with vibrating vocal cords, while voiceless sounds, like /p/ or /t/, are produced without vocal cord vibration.

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Voiceless Palato-alveolar Fricative

The sound produced by bringing the blade of the tongue into a close approximation with the palato-alveolar region, just behind the alveolar ridge. This sound, transcribed as [ʃ], is voiceless and is similar to the 'sh' sound.

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Voiced Palato-alveolar Fricative

The voiced counterpart of the palato-alveolar fricative. Transcribed as [ʒ], it is heard in words like 'treasure' or 'leisure'.

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Voiceless Alveolar Fricative

The sound produced by bringing the tip or blade of the tongue into a close approximation with the alveolar ridge. This sound, transcribed as [s], is voiceless, similar to the 's' sound, and is called an alveolar fricative.

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Voiced Alveolar Fricative

The voiced counterpart of the alveolar fricative. Transcribed as [z], it is produced with the vocal cords vibrating and is similar to the 'z' sound.

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Voiceless Dental Fricative

The sound produced by bringing the tip of the tongue into contact with the teeth. It is transcribed as [θ], and is also called a voiceless dental fricative.

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Voiced Dental Fricative

The voiced counterpart of the voiceless dental fricative. It is transcribed as [ð].

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Study Notes

Consonants: Manners and Places of Articulation

  • Air leaves the lungs, travels through the trachea, reaching the larynx.
  • The larynx contains vocal cords.
  • When vocal cords close, air pressure builds up.
  • Periodic puffs of air force vocal cords open and close.
  • Vibration of vocal cords creates voiced sounds.
  • Air passing through partially open vocal cords creates whisper.
  • Air passing through fully open vocal cords creates voiceless sounds.
  • Vocal cords differentiate voiced and voiceless sounds.

Place of Articulation

  • Place of articulation describes the points where active and passive articulators meet to create sounds.
  • Specific points are bilabial, dental, alveolar, post-alveolar, palato-alveolar, velar, and glottal.
  • Examples of different placements are included

Manner of Articulation

  • Manner of articulation is about the ways speech sounds are created.
  • Stops/Plosives: Air completely blocked then released.
  • Fricatives: Air flow is constricted and makes friction sounds.
  • Affricates: Combine stop and fricative features.
  • Nasals: Air flows through the nose
  • Laterals: Sound created with air flowing along the sides of the tongue.
  • Approximants/ Semi-vowels: Close approximations create sounds.

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Consonants: Manners and Places of Articulation PDF

Description

This quiz explores the intricacies of consonants, focusing on their manners and places of articulation. Learn how air interacts with vocal cords and various speech organs to produce different sounds. Test your knowledge on voiced and voiceless sounds as well as specific points of articulation.

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