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Questions and Answers
Which of the following consonants is a voiced bilabial stop?
What is the place of articulation for the consonant /ʧ/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet?
Which of these consonants is a voiceless alveolar fricative?
In the International Phonetic Alphabet, what is the place of articulation for the consonant /ŋ/?
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Which of the following consonants is a voiced dental fricative?
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Identify the consonant that is a voiceless velar plosive in the International Phonetic Alphabet.
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Which type of sounds have a relatively open vocal tract?
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What is the highest point of the tongue in Front English Vowels?
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Which type of English Vowels has a wide passage for air to flow through?
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In the International Phonetic Alphabet, which symbol represents the sound in 'meat'?
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Which group of vowels has the highest point of the tongue in the back of the mouth?
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What distinguishes Round English Vowels from Unrounded English Vowels?
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Which part of the vocal tract is responsible for modulating the air and changing the noise during speech production?
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Which type of sounds are produced with the vocal cords held apart?
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Which group of English consonants are made by touching the upper and lower lips together?
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What is described according to their rounding, height, and backness in the International Phonetic Alphabet?
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Which part of the vocal tract contains the vocal folds that vibrate to produce voiced sounds?
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What kind of sounds are produced with one or more constrictions in the vocal tract?
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/p/ and /b/ are examples of which type of consonant distinction based on voicing?
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'Church' is an example of which type of English sound?
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'Lake' and 'wine' differ primarily in their:
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'Mow' and 'no' differ mainly in their:
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Study Notes
Consonants
- Consonants are sounds produced with one or more constrictions in the vocal tract.
- Described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.
Manner of Articulation
- Stops (Plosives): airflow is completely obstructed. /b/ ‘bile’ /p/ ‘pile’ /d/ ‘den’ /t/ ‘ten’ /g/ ‘gum’ /k/ ‘come’
- Fricatives: tight constriction of the articulators makes the air flow turbulently. /z/ ‘zee’ /ð/ ‘thy’ /s/ ‘see’ /θ/ ‘thigh’ /ʒ/ ‘usual’ /v/ ‘vine’ /ʃ/ ‘she’ /f/ ‘fine’ /h/ ‘have’
- Affricates: a stop followed by a fricative, made in rapid succession. /ʤ/ ‘judge’ /ʧ/ ‘church’
- Nasals (Nasal Stops): the velum is lowered, allowing air to escape through the nose. /m/ ‘mow’ /n/ ‘know’ /ŋ/ ‘sing’
- Approximants: have very wide constriction and no closure. /l/ ‘lake’ /ɹ/ ‘rake’ /j/ ‘yes’ /w/ ‘wine’
Three-Part Articulatory Description
- Consonants are described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.
- Examples: /p/ is a voiceless bilabial stop. /b/ is a voiced bilabial stop. /g/ is a voiced velar stop. /t/ is a voiceless alveolar stop. /ɹ/ is a voiced alveolar approximant. /ŋ/ is a voiced velar nasal. /j/ is a voiced palatal approximant. /s/ is a voiceless alveolar fricative. /θ/ is a voiceless interdental fricative. /l/ is a voiced alveolar lateral approximant. /k/ is a voiceless velar stop. /ʧ/ is a voiceless postalveolar affricate. /m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal. /z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative. /n/ is a voiced alveolar nasal. /ð/ is a voiced interdental fricative. /w/ is a voiced labiovelar approximant. /ʒ/ is a voiced postalveolar fricative. /f/ is a voiceless labiodental fricative.
International Phonetic Alphabet
- Divided into consonant chart and vowel chart.
- Consonants are described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.
- Vowels are described according to their rounding, height, and backness.
Vowels
- Highly sonorous (loud) sounds with a relatively open vocal tract.
- Described according to their rounding, height, and backness.
- Examples: /i/ ‘meat’ /ɪ/ ‘mit’ /eɪ/ ‘mate’ /ɛ/ ‘met’ /æ/ ‘mat’ /u/ ‘shoe’ /ʌ/ ‘above’ /ʊ/ ‘should’ /ə/ ‘above’ /oʊ/ ‘show’ /ɔ/ ‘shawl’ /ɑ/ ‘shot’
Place of Articulation
- Articulators: parts of the vocal tract that are used to form sounds.
- Lower, mobile articulators move against upper, mostly immobile articulators.
- Examples: /p/ and /b/ are bilabial consonants. /m/ and /w/ are bilabial consonants.
Voicing
- Larynx: complex structure of cartilage and muscle that includes the vocal folds (also called cords).
- Vocal folds/cords can be lined up so that air from the lungs will make them vibrate.
- Voiced sounds: produced with the vocal cords vibrating.
- Voiceless sounds: produced with the vocal cords held apart.
- Examples: /b/ is a voiced bilabial stop. /p/ is a voiceless bilabial stop. /z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative. /s/ is a voiceless alveolar fricative.
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Description
Test your knowledge of English consonants by identifying the manner of articulation for stops, fricatives, and affricates. Practice recognizing sounds like /b/, /p/, /z/, /s/, /ʒ/, and more.
