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English Consonants: Stops, Fricatives, Affricates
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English Consonants: Stops, Fricatives, Affricates

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following consonants is a voiced bilabial stop?

  • /p/
  • /m/ (correct)
  • /t/
  • /s/
  • What is the place of articulation for the consonant /ʧ/ in the International Phonetic Alphabet?

  • Palatal (correct)
  • Dental
  • Alveolar
  • Velar
  • Which of these consonants is a voiceless alveolar fricative?

  • /n/
  • /s/ (correct)
  • /ð/
  • /z/
  • In the International Phonetic Alphabet, what is the place of articulation for the consonant /Å‹/?

    <p>Velar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following consonants is a voiced dental fricative?

    <p>/θ/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the consonant that is a voiceless velar plosive in the International Phonetic Alphabet.

    <p>/g/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sounds have a relatively open vocal tract?

    <p>Vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest point of the tongue in Front English Vowels?

    <p>Front of the mouth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of English Vowels has a wide passage for air to flow through?

    <p>Low English Vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the International Phonetic Alphabet, which symbol represents the sound in 'meat'?

    <p>/i/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of vowels has the highest point of the tongue in the back of the mouth?

    <p>Back English Vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Round English Vowels from Unrounded English Vowels?

    <p>Lip rounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vocal tract is responsible for modulating the air and changing the noise during speech production?

    <p>Articulators</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of sounds are produced with the vocal cords held apart?

    <p>Voiceless sounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of English consonants are made by touching the upper and lower lips together?

    <p>Bilabial consonants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is described according to their rounding, height, and backness in the International Phonetic Alphabet?

    <p>Vowels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the vocal tract contains the vocal folds that vibrate to produce voiced sounds?

    <p>Larynx</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of sounds are produced with one or more constrictions in the vocal tract?

    <p>Consonants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    /p/ and /b/ are examples of which type of consonant distinction based on voicing?

    <p>/p/ and /t/ distinction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Church' is an example of which type of English sound?

    <p>/ʧ/</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Lake' and 'wine' differ primarily in their:

    <p>Place of articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Mow' and 'no' differ mainly in their:

    <p>Manner of articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Consonants

    • Consonants are sounds produced with one or more constrictions in the vocal tract.
    • Described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.

    Manner of Articulation

    • Stops (Plosives): airflow is completely obstructed. /b/ ‘bile’ /p/ ‘pile’ /d/ ‘den’ /t/ ‘ten’ /g/ ‘gum’ /k/ ‘come’
    • Fricatives: tight constriction of the articulators makes the air flow turbulently. /z/ ‘zee’ /ð/ ‘thy’ /s/ ‘see’ /θ/ ‘thigh’ /Ê’/ ‘usual’ /v/ ‘vine’ /ʃ/ ‘she’ /f/ ‘fine’ /h/ ‘have’
    • Affricates: a stop followed by a fricative, made in rapid succession. /ʤ/ ‘judge’ /ʧ/ ‘church’
    • Nasals (Nasal Stops): the velum is lowered, allowing air to escape through the nose. /m/ ‘mow’ /n/ ‘know’ /Å‹/ ‘sing’
    • Approximants: have very wide constriction and no closure. /l/ ‘lake’ /ɹ/ ‘rake’ /j/ ‘yes’ /w/ ‘wine’

    Three-Part Articulatory Description

    • Consonants are described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.
    • Examples: /p/ is a voiceless bilabial stop. /b/ is a voiced bilabial stop. /g/ is a voiced velar stop. /t/ is a voiceless alveolar stop. /ɹ/ is a voiced alveolar approximant. /Å‹/ is a voiced velar nasal. /j/ is a voiced palatal approximant. /s/ is a voiceless alveolar fricative. /θ/ is a voiceless interdental fricative. /l/ is a voiced alveolar lateral approximant. /k/ is a voiceless velar stop. /ʧ/ is a voiceless postalveolar affricate. /m/ is a voiced bilabial nasal. /z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative. /n/ is a voiced alveolar nasal. /ð/ is a voiced interdental fricative. /w/ is a voiced labiovelar approximant. /Ê’/ is a voiced postalveolar fricative. /f/ is a voiceless labiodental fricative.

    International Phonetic Alphabet

    • Divided into consonant chart and vowel chart.
    • Consonants are described according to their voicing, manner, and place of articulation.
    • Vowels are described according to their rounding, height, and backness.

    Vowels

    • Highly sonorous (loud) sounds with a relatively open vocal tract.
    • Described according to their rounding, height, and backness.
    • Examples: /i/ ‘meat’ /ɪ/ ‘mit’ /eɪ/ ‘mate’ /É›/ ‘met’ /æ/ ‘mat’ /u/ ‘shoe’ /ÊŒ/ ‘above’ /ÊŠ/ ‘should’ /É™/ ‘above’ /oÊŠ/ ‘show’ /É”/ ‘shawl’ /É‘/ ‘shot’

    Place of Articulation

    • Articulators: parts of the vocal tract that are used to form sounds.
    • Lower, mobile articulators move against upper, mostly immobile articulators.
    • Examples: /p/ and /b/ are bilabial consonants. /m/ and /w/ are bilabial consonants.

    Voicing

    • Larynx: complex structure of cartilage and muscle that includes the vocal folds (also called cords).
    • Vocal folds/cords can be lined up so that air from the lungs will make them vibrate.
    • Voiced sounds: produced with the vocal cords vibrating.
    • Voiceless sounds: produced with the vocal cords held apart.
    • Examples: /b/ is a voiced bilabial stop. /p/ is a voiceless bilabial stop. /z/ is a voiced alveolar fricative. /s/ is a voiceless alveolar fricative.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of English consonants by identifying the manner of articulation for stops, fricatives, and affricates. Practice recognizing sounds like /b/, /p/, /z/, /s/, /Ê’/, and more.

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